Perbedaan Histopatologi Plasenta Peripartum pada Ibu Hamil Pre-Eklampsia/Eklampsia dengan Ibu Hamil Normal di RS Adam Malik Medan dan RS Jejaring USU

Abstract

Background: Preeclampsia/eclampsia includes placental morphology and anatomy abnormalities is a pregnancy complication which is the main cause of fetomaternal morbidity and mortality. Aim: This research aims to determine the histopathology differences of peripartum placenta in preeclampsia/eclampsia and normal pregnant women. Methods : This research is an observational analytical study with a case-control design which sample is pregnant women who have undergone childbirth with and without preeclampsia/eclampsia diagnosis at Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Haji Adam Malik Hospital Medan and University of North Sumatra Network Hospital starting from March 2024 until the sample size was met. Placental tissue sampling was used to evaluate placenta histopathological characteristics and to determine histopathological parameters scoring. Bivariate analysis to determine histopathological differences between two groups used chi-square test and the results were declared significant if p value < 0.05 with a confidence level of 95%. Results : Research results showed statistically significant histopathology differences of peripartum placenta in pre-eclamptic/eclamptic and normal pregnant women (p < 0.05) which included fibrin deposition (p = 0.002), placental infarction (p = 0.000), syncytial knot (p = 0.000), calcification (p = 0.018) and villous basement membrane thickening (p = 0.000). The median histopathology score for normal pregnant women was 2 and for pre-eclamptic/eclamptic pregnant women was 5 (p = 0.025). Conclusion : In preeclampsia/eclampsia cases, histopathological characteristics includes perivillous and intervillous fibrin deposition, maternal floor infarction, syncytial knots, calcification and villous basement membrane thickening were found more significant compared to normal women with an increase in histopathological scores.