Korelasi Antara Kadar Troponin I dengan Kadar Serum Natrium, Kalium dan Kalsium pada Sindrom Koroner Akut

Abstract

Background: Acute Coronary Syndrome encompasses a spectrum of conditions involving patients experiencing recent changes in symptoms or clinical signs, with or without changes in the 12-lead electrocardiogram, and with or without an acute increase in cardiac troponin (Tn) concentrations. Technological advancements have refined Troponin tests, enhancing their accuracy in detecting and measuring cardiomyocyte injury. High sensitivity Troponin tests can detect small-sized myocardial necrosis that may not be evident in electrocardiograms or CK-MB tests. In addition to troponin I, serum levels of electrolytes such as sodium, potassium, and calcium are three major electrophysiological components of cardiac muscle cells associated with acute myocardial infarction. Several previous studies have indicated changes in serum sodium, potassium, and calcium levels. This study aims to analyze the correlation between troponin I and the levels of sodium, potassium, and calcium in acute coronary syndrome. Subjects and Method: This study was a cross-sectional design measuring several variables simultaneously at a specific point in time. A total of 40 patients diagnosed with acute coronary syndrome who were at the Emergency Department of the cardiac Center at RSUP H. Adam Malik Medan in February-March 2024. Blood samples were taken for troponin I examination, as well as serum sodium, potassium, and calcium. The data were analyzed using Spearman correlation test. A p-value of <0.05 was applied to each statistical test as significant. Results: From the 40 research subjects, the majority were aged above 55 years, most of whom were males (72.5%), with a smoking history of 67.5%. The median sodium level was 143.5 mmol/L (130-155). The mean potassium level was 4.19±0.52 mmol/L. The median calcium level was 8.86 mg/dL (7.4-11.5). There was a weak positive and non-significant correlation between troponin I and sodium (r = 0.129, p = 0.429), a weak positive and non-significant correlation between troponin I and potassium (r = 0.059, p = 0.717), and a weak negative and non-significant correlation between troponin I and calcium (r = -0.133, p = 0.415). Conclusion: There was no correlation between troponin I and sodium, potassium, and calcium.