Perbedaan Hasil Pemeriksaan Darah Lengkap Sebelum dan Setelah Fase Induksi pada Anak dengan Leukemia Limfoblastik Akut

Abstract

Background: Acute leukemia, particularly Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL), dominates leukemia cases in children worldwide. About 75% of all leukemia cases in children under 15 years old are ALL, with the highest incidence occurring in children aged 2-4 years. Diagnosing ALL involves a series of tests, including initial blood analysis, bone marrow biopsy, and radiological examinations. Initial blood analysis, particularly Complete Blood Count (CBC), plays a crucial role in evaluating and predicting the disease, with potential to detect cancer risk and other conditions. This study aims to analyze the relationship between the results of a complete blood count (hemoglobin, leukocytes, platelets) before diagnosis and the complete blood count after the induction phase in pediatric patients with Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia. Subjects and Method: This study uses an analytical observational design with a retrospective approach to evaluate the relationship between initial complete blood count tests and clinical manifestations in patients with Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL) after the induction phase. Data will be obtained from the medical records of patients diagnosed with ALL and who underwent the induction phase from January 2023 to December 2023 at H. Adam Malik General Hospital, Medan. A total of 40 samples meeting inclusion and exclusion criteria will be studied. Complete blood counts were performed before the patients were diagnosed with ALL and after they received induction therapy. Results: The average hemoglobin level before ALL diagnosis was 5.86±2.46 g/dL, while the average hemoglobin level after the induction phase was 11.7±1.3 g/dL. The median leukocyte count before ALL diagnosis was 59,653±96,296 cells/μL, and the median leukocyte count after the induction phase was 7,287±3,538 cells/μL. The average platelet count before ALL diagnosis was 35,375±41,097 cells/μL, and the average platelet count after the induction phase was 303,000±119,108 cells/μL. There is a significant difference in hemoglobin, leukocyte, and platelet levels in children before the diagnosis of ALL compared to hemoglobin levels in children with ALL after the induction phase (p=0.00). Conclusion: There is a significant difference in hemoglobin, leukocyte, and platelet levels in children before the diagnosis of ALL compared to hemoglobin levels in children with ALL after the induction phase.