Formulasi dan Uji Aktivitas Antibakteri Sediaan Masker Clay yang Mengandung Ekstrak Daun Alpukat (Persea americana Mill.) terhadap Staphylococcus aureus

Abstract

Background: Staphylococcus aureus is one of the bacteria causing acne. Treatment of acne can be done using plant ingredients that contain antibacterial substances, one of which is avocado leaves which contains saponins, alkaloids, polyphenols, quercetin, and flavonoids. Treatment of acne requires facial hygiene carefully, that could be done with the use of clay masks containing antibacterial substances. Therefore, in this study the ethanol extract of avocado leaves was formulated in the form of a clay mask product. Objective: To formulate a product of clay masks that contains an ethanol extract from avocado leaves and to evaluate the influence of the variation in the concentration of ethanole extract in the product on the antibacterial activity. Methods: Simplisia and extracts of avocado leaves were screened and characterized. Further, the extraction was done by the maseration method using a 96% ethanol solvent. Clay masks were formulated with concentration of extracts of 3.5; 4.5; 5.5% and blanko of 0%. Evaluation of the product includes organoleptic tests, homogeneity, pH, viscosity, duration of drying, spreadability, stability, irritability and hedonicity. Antibacterial activity of extracts and clay mask ere evaluated by diffusion method and well diffusion, respectively. Results: Screening and characterization of simplisia and extracts fulfilled the requirements. The ethanol extract of avocado leaves provided KHM at a concentration of 10 mg/ml with a diameter of 6.86 ± 0.09 mm against the Staphylococcus aureus bacteria. The clay mask of avocado leaf extract obtained was a light green, had typical aroma of the leaves, homogeneous, had pH of 5.27- 5.97, viscosity of 128059.67-130672.67 mPa.s, drying time of 16.33-19.33 minutes, spreadability of 2.40-4.27 cm, stable for 12 weeks of storage at room temperature and did not irritate the skin. The antibacterial activity of the product against Staphylococcus aureus bacteria with avocado leaf extract concentration of 3.5; 4.5 and 5.5% has an inhibition diameter of 10.80 ± 0.08; 11.46 ± 0.04 and 12.33 ± 0.04 mm, respectively. Conclusion: The ethanol extract of avocado leaves can be formulated as a stable clay mask and the product showed high antibacterial activity.