Formulasi Gel Pembersih Wajah Ekstrak Bunga Krisan Putih Salju (Chrysanthemum morifolium (Ramat.) Hemsl.) dan Uji Aktivitas Antibakteri terhadap Propionibacterium acnes

Abstract

Background: Acne during adolescence can have a negative effect on psychological as well as skin health. Acne is generally triggered by an increase in sebum production, causing oil buildup that can clog skin pores, and inflammation that can also be triggered by Propionibacterium acnes bacteria. Snow white chrysanthemum flowers contain active substances such as terpenoids, saponins, and flavonoids with antibacterial activity that have the potential to be formulated into a water-based facial cleanser that is more suitable for oily and/or acne-prone face. Therefore, snow white chrysanthemum flower extract is very interesting to be formulated in gel dosage form to increase the effectiveness of acne treatment. Purposes: This study aims to formulate a facial cleansing gel containing snow white chrysanthemum flower extract, evaluate the physical quality of the preparation and the antibacterial activity of facial cleansing gel against P. acnes bacteria. Methods: Snow white chrysanthemum flower extract was obtained by maceration extraction method, which was then analyzed for phytochemical content and tested for antibacterial activity. Gel preparations were formulated with various concentrations of snow-white chrysanthemum flower extract 0, 2, 3, 5% into F0 (blanko), F1, F2, F3, respectively. Physical evaluation included organoleptic test, homogeneity, pH, viscosity, foam height, spreadability, and stability at room temperature for 12 weeks and cycling test. The in-vitro test was conducted to evaluate the antibacterial activity of the gel preparation against P. acnes using the well diffusion method. Results: Snow-white chrysanthemum flower extract contains alkaloid, flavonoid, tannin, glycoside, saponin and steroid compounds. The minimum inhibitory concentration of the extract was at a concentration of 1 mg/ml with an inhibitory diameter of 7.46 ± 0.11 mm. The yellow-green facial cleansing gel preparation had a distinctive aroma of chrysanthemum flowers and was homogeneous. Obtained pH value was 5.16 – 5.95, viscosity was 2470.0 cps – 6180.46 cps, foamability was 4.20 - 6.33 cm, and spreadability was 5.06 - 7.43 cm. The irritation test of the gel on ten volunteers showed no irritation. The gel preparation was stable during 12 weeks storage and cycling test. The antibacterial test of snow-white chrysanthemum flower extract facial cleansing gel preparation against P. acnes showed that in F0 (blanko), moderate inhibition was obtained, which amounted to 7.63 ± 0.07 mm. F1 (2%), F2 (3%), F3 (5%) obtained strong inhibition against P. acnes with inhibition zones sequentially 12.70 ± 0.10, 13.63 ± 0.07, and 17.20 ± 0.20 mm. Conclusions: Snow white chrysanthemum flower extract can be formulated into a facial cleansing gel preparation that was stable during 12 weeks storage at room temperature and met the physical requirements of the preparation. Gel preparation with 5% concentration showed the highest antibacterial activity against Propionibacterium acnes.