Rancang Bangun Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga Picohidro dengan Pemanfaatan Saluran Irigasi Menggunakan Turbin Kincir Air Overshot

Abstract

Hydropower plants are considered one of the main pillars of renewable energy sources, such as picohydro power plants (PLTPH). The Picohydro power plant, which is capable of producing electricity ranging from 100 watts - 5 kW, uses a water turbine as a tool to convert water potential energy into mechanical energy that can drive a generator. This research aims to design and build a picohydro power plant to support street lighting by utilizing water flow from irrigation canals using an overshot type water wheel turbine. The method used is a quantitative method which involves technical calculations, power analysis, and system testing which requires the collection of numerical data analysis. The test results show that on blade 16 with a water fall distance of 25 cm to the turbine, the highest voltage in the no-load condition is 34.4 V with a generator rotation speed of 1,436 RPM. When using a lamp load with 30W lamps, the highest generator rotation speed, voltage, current and power with 16 blades at a distance of 25 cm from the water fall to the turbine is obtained, the generator rotation speed is 897.4 RPM, voltage 12.79 V, current 1.02 A, and power 13.0 W.