Pengaruh Beberapa Metode Sterilisasi terhadap Keberhasilan Hidup Eksplan Bawang Putih (Allium Sativum L.) Kultivar Lokal Sumatera Utara Secara In Vitro

Abstract

Sterilization of explants is an important stage in the garlic propagation process because tubers as explant material often carry pathogens from the field. This research aims to determine the most effective sterilization method for local cultivars of North Sumatra garlic (Allium sativum L.). This research was carried out at the Tissue Culture Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, University of North Sumatra from May to August 2024, using a Non-Factorial Randomized Group Design (RGD) with several treatments, namely S1 (Nordox 6 g/L 1 hour), S2 (Nordox 6 g /L 1 hour + Nordox 3 g/L 30 minutes), S3 (Nordox 6 g/L 1 hour + Clorox 20% 30 minutes), S4 (Dithane 7.5 g/L 1 hour + Dithane 3.75 g/L 30 minutes), S5 (Dithane 7.5 g/L 1 hour + Clorox 20% 30 minutes). The results showed that certain sterilization methods had a real influence on several parameters, such as the percentage of explants that were not contaminated at 2-5 WAP, the percentage of live explants at 3-5 WAP, and the percentage of explants free of fungal contamination at 3-5 WAP, but had no effect. significant to the percentage of explants that were not contaminated with bacteria at 1-5 WAP. Apart from that, the sterilization method also affects the number of leaves at 1-3 WAP. Treatment S3 and treatment S5 are the best treatments for sterilizing explants but their growth is thought to be suppressed due to the influence of Clorox, the dose of which is too high. The S3 method provides the best results on the percentage of live explants compared to other methods. In contrast, methods S1 (Nordox 6 g/L), S2 (Nordox 6 g/L + Nordox 3 g/L), and S4 (Dithane 7.5 g/L + Dithane 3.75 g/L) produced better explant growth. normal and produces roots, but the level of explant sterilization is very low and its viability is also low.