Karakteristik Lahan Gambut Dataran Rendah dan Dataran Tinggi di Sumatera Utara

Abstract

Survey research to examine the characteristics of physical properties and chemical properties of peat soil based on the same maturity in Lintongnihuta District, Siborongborong District, and Bilah Hilir District, North Sumatra was carried out in August 2024 with the aim of determining the current condition of the characteristics of peatland in the area. The analysis was carried out at the Research Research Laboratory of the Faculty of Agriculture, University of North Sumatra and the Laboratory of the North Sumatra Agricultural Instrument Standardization Agency. The study used 18 disturbed soil samples and 18 undisturbed soil samples. Soil samples were taken at 2 layers of depth, namely 0-30 cm and 30-60 cm. The parameters of sample analysis were not disturbed, including Bulk Density, Particle Density, Porosity, and Moisture Content. Meanwhile, the parameters of disturbed soil analysis include pH H2O, C-Organic, KTK, KB, and Ash Content. The results showed that peat had a dominance of sapric maturity level with the range of Fill Weight (BD) in the 0-30 cm layer obtained 0.50 g/cm3 – 0.55 g/cm3 and the 30-60cm layer of 0.44 g/cm3 – 0.53 g/cm3. The Particle Density values obtained were 1.05 g/cm3 to 1.15 g/cm3. The porosity value with the lowest criterion is 51.88% in the peat of Bilah Hilir District and the highest porosity value is 57.59% in the peatland of Lintongnihuta District. The Moisture Content value obtained ranged from 117.76% to 166.05%, including a very high criterion. The characteristics of soil chemical properties showed the value of soil acidity (pH) 3.14 (very acidic) – 3.66 (very acidic) at a depth of 0-30cm and 3.07 (very acidic) – 3.96 (very acidic) at a depth of 30-60cm. The dominant C-Organic value obtained was very high with the lowest criterion of 49.00% in the peat of Bilah Hilir District and the highest criterion of C-Organic value of 51.96% in the peat of Lintongnihuta District. The KTK value ranged from 108.19 me/100g (very high) to 166.55 me/100g (very high). The ash content included low criteria with values ranging from 10.77% - 15.32% at a depth of 0-30cm and ranging from 10.41% to 13.46% at a depth of 30-60cm. The dominant family planning value was very low with the lowest criterion of 3.77% at a depth of 0-30 cm peat in Lintongnihuta District and the highest criterion value of 9.54% at a depth of 0-30 cm of peat in Bilah Hilir District.