Rancang Bangun Sistem Charging Dan Evaluasi Output Daya Baterai Untuk Beban Pada Stasiun Pengisian Daya Ponsel Genggam Menggunakan Panel Surya

Abstract

In the era of modern communication, the demand for smartphone charging solutions has become increasingly urgent, especially in public spaces that often lack access to electricity. Utilizing renewable energy sources, this system addresses the challenge of charging accessibility in locations such as parks and beaches. This study aims to design and develop a solar-powered charging station for smartphones and evaluate its battery performance. The system utilizes a 50Wp solar panel, a 10A PWM Solar Charge Controller (SCC), and a 12V 20Ah VRLA battery. Testing was conducted under various weather conditions (clear, cloudy, overcast) with a 45W load, solar panel charges the battery through the SCC, while the battery directly powers the load. The results showed that the system performs optimally, particularly under clear weather conditions, with an average solar radiation of 831.8 W/m². The system produced an average power output of 40W, and the battery's SOC decreased by 16% over 8 hours of testing. The time required to charge the battery from 20% to 100% was approximately 7 hours, with an average charging power of 29W and a PWM SCC charging efficiency of 58%. The battery was able to sustain a 45W load equivalent to three smartphones for up to 4 hours, with an average discharging current of 3.6A. Overall, the battery's efficiency reached 85%, although it is expected to decline with prolonged use. This study demonstrates that a solar-powered charging system utilizing a PWM SCC and a VRLA battery can provide an effective solution for improving charging accessibility in public spaces while promoting the use of renewable energy.