Isolasi dan Potensi Fungi Endofit pada Ketapang (Terminalia catappa), Kedondong Hutan (Spondias pinnata) dan Melinjo (Gnetum gnemon) sebagai Pelarut Fosfat dan Perombak Selulosa di Arboretum Universitas Sumatera Utara

Abstract

Melinjo, Ketapang and Kedondong hutan are types of forestry plants that has endophytic fungi and can be a biological control agent for pathogens that will attack plants.The purpose this research was to isolate and identify the type of endophytic fungi in ketapang, kedondong and melinjo trees in the Arboretum USU and to test the potential of endophytic fungi potential as phosphate solubilizing and cellulose decomposition. Sampling in the form of leaves and bark of research samples was carried out at the Arboretum USU. Isolation and testing of the potential of endophytic fungi were carried out at the Soil Biology Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture,USU. Isolation of endophytic fungi was carried out using Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA) media, testing the potential of endophytic fungi as phosphate solubilizing using Pikovskaya media and testing the potential of endophytic fungi as cellulose decomposition using Carboxyl Methyl Cellulose (CMC) media. A total of 21 endophytic fungi isolates were obtained from the leaves and bark of the three types of stands, 6 fungi isolates from melinjo type, 7 fungi isolates from ketapang type and 8 fungi isolates from kedondong type. The results of the identification of endophytic fungi from leaf and bark isolates from the three types of stands are classified as the Aspergillus genus. The formation of clear zones in the tested isolates indicates that the isolates from types of melinjo, ketapang and kedondong hutan have the potential as phosphate solubilizing and cellulose decomposition. The phosphate solubility index from melinjo leaves and bark was obtained in the range from 2.10 to 3.13 with moderate criteria, ketapang ranges from 2.20 to 2.69 with moderate criteria and forest kedondong ranges from 2.26 to 4.01 with moderate to high criteria. Meanwhile, the cellulolytic index value from melinjo leaves and bark was obtained 0.19 to 1.09 with low to moderate criteria, ketapang is obtained 0.57 to 1.27 with low to moderate criteria and forest kedondong is obtained 0.41 to 2.27 with low to high criteria.