Analisis Margin Tataniaga Dan Distribusi Pada Rantai Pasok Beras Di Kabupaten Serdang Bedagai, Sumatera Utara

Abstract

Rice is a strategic staple food for food security, economic stability, and political stability in Indonesia. The gap between rice consumption and production, as observed in North Sumatra Province, increases dependency on imports. The main issues in the rice supply chain are inefficiencies in distribution and high logistical costs. Optimizing distribution through the Supply Chain Management (SCM) concept is essential to stabilize prices and meet consumer demand. This study aims to: 1) Analyze production costs and marketing margins in the rice supply chain in Serdang Bedagai, North Sumatra; and 2) Analyze the distribution composition and marketing efficiency levels across actors in the rice supply chain in Serdang Bedagai, North Sumatra. The sampling of farmers was conducted using snowball sampling and convenient sampling methods. The results show that the rice marketing channels in Serdang Bedagai Regency consist of four types of channels: two involving small millers and two involving large millers. The efficiency of marketing and margin distribution in the rice supply chain indicates that Channel IV, involving small millers, exhibits the highest efficiency with a Shepherd’s value of 3.98 at maximum price and milling margins ranging from 55.36% to 58.23%. This advantage is attributed to shorter distribution chains and flexibility in meeting local market demands. In contrast, Channels I and II, involving large millers, achieve higher milling margins of up to 60.15% at normal prices but lower efficiency due to reduced flexibility in adjusting to consumer prices.