Aktivitas Antibakteri dan Penyembuhan Luka dari Suspensi Oral dan Krim Ekstrak Etanol Kulit Jeruk Lemon (Citrus limon (L.)) Burm.f.

Abstract

Lemon peel (Citrus limon L.) is known to contain secondary metabolite compounds of alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, steroids, and glycosides. These compounds play a role in helping the wound healing process. Cream preparations are pharmaceutical preparations that can increase hydration on the skin surface so as to increase drug uptake. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the characteristics and physical stability of lemon peel ethanol extract cream preparation and to conduct antibacterial activity of lemon peel ethanol extract suspension and cream against E.coli, S.aureus, and P.aeruginosa bacteria as excision wound healing in white rats. Antibacterial activity of ethanol extract of lemon peel was conducted against E.coli, S.aureus, and P.aeruginosa bacteria by using disc diffusion method. The ethanol extract of lemon peel with the best antibacterial activity was formulated into a cream dosage form with concentration variations of F1 (10%), F2 (20%), and F3 (40%). The cream preparation of ethanol extract of lemon peel was tested for antibacterial activity, dosage characteristics and stability test with temperatures of 25℃, 4℃, and 40℃ for 12 weeks. Excision wound healing activity was tested by oral, topical and combined routes. The treatment of excision wound healing activity was carried out with a wound depth of 1 mm and a width of 2 mm for 16 days with observations of wound diameter reduction on days 0, 3, 7, 12, 16. The ethanol extract of lemon peel has antibacterial activity against E.coli, S.aureus, and P.aeruginosa bacteria with inhibition zone diameter in E.coli (9.4 mm), S.aureus (11.0 mm), and P.aeruginosa (11.2 mm) with 40% concentration. While the antibacterial activity of the cream preparation obtained the diameter of the inhibition zone on E.coli bacteria (7.03 mm), S.aureus (9.5 mm), and P.aeruginosa (12.12 mm) with a concentration of 40%. The lemon peel ethanol extract cream met the requirements of dosage characteristics and was stable at 25℃, 4℃, and 40℃ during 12 weeks of storage. The combined route treatment had better excision wound healing activity compared to the oral and topical route treatment alone. Percent wound healing showed that the higher the dose and concentration of lemon peel ethanol extract cream, the higher the percentage of healing. It is concluded that the suspension and cream of ethanol extract of lemon peel show good characteristics and stability and have potential in healing excision wounds.