Analisis Pengaruh Faktor Sosial Ekonomi terhadap Ketimpangan Pendapatan dengan Indeks Pembangunan Manusia sebagai Variabel Moderasi di Provinsi Sumatera Utara

Abstract

North Sumatra's income inequality as measured using the gini ratio is included in the moderate level and based on data from BPS from 2021-2023 has increased. One of the causes is influenced by socio-economic factors, namely economic growth, poverty and unemployment, besides that the human development index according to human capital theory has a relationship in moderating economic growth, poverty and unemployment on income inequality. This research aims to analyze the effect of socioeconomic factors and HDI on income inequality in North Sumatra and analyze the effect of socioeconomic factors moderated by the human development index on income inequality in North Sumatra. The method used is panel data regression and Moderated Regression Analysis regression. The sample in this research is 33 districts cities of North Sumatra during the 2019-2023 period. The results showed that, the economic growth variable (X1) has a positive and insignificant effect on income inequality. The variable of poverty rate (X2), the unemployment rate (X3) and the human development index (X4) have a positive and significant effect on income inequality. The variable of economic growth (X1), poverty rate (X2) and unemployment rate (X3) moderated by human development index (Z) have a negative and insignificant effect on income inequality.