Metafungsi Bahasa dan Konteks Sosial dalam Teks Martahi: Pendekatan Linguistik Sistemik Fungsional

Abstract

This study examines the metafunction of language, lexicogrammatical system, and social context contained in Martahi text. This research applies the theory of Systemic Functional Linguistics (SFL) introduced by Halliday to analyse the function, structure and type of social context contained in the Martahi text. This research uses a qualitative approach from Creswell (2017:11). From the results of the overall clause analysis in this study, findings are obtained to be understood, including the clause structure on metafunctional meaning for ideational meaning-forming elements, there are 5 types of processes in the analysis of Martahi tradition clauses consisting of material processes, mental processes, relational processes, behavioural processes, and verbal processes. The frequency of occurrence of each process consists of material process 5 times (13.15%) from 4 clauses analysed, mental process 6 times 15.78% from 5 clauses analysed, relational process 3 times (7.89%) from 3 clauses analysed, behavioural process 9 times (23.68%) from 8 clauses analysed, and verbal process 15 times 39.47% from 14 clauses analysed. There are 8 types of participants contained in the analysis of Martahi tradition clauses consisting of actors, goals, feelings, phenomena, careers, attributes, behaviours, and speakers. In the Martahi tradition there are several Circumstances including Circumstance of Inhalation: Method (1 time) 2.1%, Circumstance of Inhalation: Location/Place (8 times) 17%, Projection Circumstance: Method (2 times) 4.2%, Circumstance of Method: Comparison (1 time) 2.1%, Circumstance of Elaboration: Rule (1 time) 2.1%, Circumstantial Method: Quality (14 times) 29.8%, Circumstance of Projection: Things (3 times) 6.3%, Circumstances of Projection: Alternative (4 times) 8.5%, Circumstantial Inhalation: Time (1 time) 2.1%, Circumstantial of Inhalation: Cause (9 times) 19.1%, Circumstance of Inhalation: Contingency (2 times) 4.2%, and Circumstance of Inhalation: Extenuation (1 time) 2.1%. The existence of each element clarifies the function of each word contained in each clause used as an analysis clause. Furthermore, the interpersonal meaning-forming elements consist of Mood and Residue. The textual meaning-forming elements consist of Theme and Rema. The lexicogrammatical forming elements consist of several units, namely nouns, pronominal, verbs and adverbs. For noun elements occurred 54 times (25.83%), then pronominal 24 times (11.48%), then for verb forming elements occurred 84 times (40.19%), and adverbs 47 times (22.48%). Social Context in this study clarifies each role of the characters of each story contained in the Martahi Godang text, besides that the structure and meaning of each Martahi text can help readers to more easily understand the structure and message that the traditional leaders want to convey.