Isolasi, Identifikasi dan Karakteristik Metabolit Sekunder Ekstrak Bakteri Simbion Spons Clathria sp. dan Hyrtios sp. sebagai Antibakteri Asal Perairan Sibolga

Abstract

Infectious diseases are a major cause of death in developing countries. Infectious diseases are mainly caused by the bacteria Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis. The use of antibiotics causes bacteria to become resistant. Antibacterial compounds are needed for the treatment of diseases. Sponges have the potential to symbiont with bacteria that produce antibacterial compounds. This study aims to determine the bacterial species and antibacterial activity of sponge symbionts against S. aureus, E. coli and B. subtilis. Knowing the content of metabolite compounds that produce antibacterial compounds and identification of bacteria using 16S rRNA gene markers. Isolation using Marine Agar media. Test the antibacterial activity of bacteria and supernatants against the three test bacteria, selected three potential isolates for 16S rRNA analysis and selected the most potential isolate for fermentation, extraction, antibacterial activity of extracts and GC-MS. The results showed the activity of ethyl acetate and methanol extracts of sponge symbiont bacteria had inhibition zones classified into moderate and weak categories. Ethyl acetate extract showed greater antibacterial activity than methanol extract. The results of GC-MS analysis of methanol extract contained 5 dominant compounds while ethyl acetate extract contained 3 dominant compounds. The content of bioactive compounds produced by ethyl acetate extract mostly functions as antibacterial. It is possible that the compound components of ethyl acetate extract have synergistic ability in inhibiting the growth of test bacteria. Of the three potential bacteria, Sp1D and Sp2G were identified as Bacillus sp. and Sp1F isolates were identified as Aeromonas sp.