Karakterisasi dan Aplikasi CaO sebagai Katalis Heterogen pada Pembuatan Biodiesel dari Minyak Jelantah

Abstract

This study examines the characterization and application of CaO derived from clam shells as a heterogeneous catalyst for biodiesel production from used cooking oil. The transesterification reaction was conducted with variations in the molar ratio of used cooking oil to methanol (1:6 and 1:8) and different catalyst amounts (2%, 3%, and 4%) using ultrasonic stirring at a frequency of 20 kHz for 90 minutes. The optimal biodiesel yield of 87.5% was achieved with a 1:6 molar ratio and 4% catalyst. Biodiesel characterization tests showed that density, flash point, and cetane number meet Indonesian National Standards (SNI). These results indicate that CaO from shell waste is effective as a catalyst for producing environmentally friendly biodiesel, with potential for wide-scale application.