Faktor Risiko Gangguan Pendengaran Anak Usia Sekolah pada Dua Sekolah Dasar di Kota Medan Berdasarkan Pemeriksaan Audiometri Nada Murni

Abstract

Abstract Introduction: Hearing loss is a common medical condition, the incidence and severity of which increases with age. Hearing loss can be conductive, sensorineural, or mixed. Conductive hearing loss occurs due to disruption of sound wave transmission to the cochlea. Hearing loss poses a serious public health problem among children and adolescents globally. Audiometry is an important way to assess hearing thresholds in patients with hearing loss. Methods: This type of research is an analytical observational study with a cross-sectional design. The study was conducted at SD Letjen M.T Haryono and SD Negeri 066430 in October 2024 - February 2025. The population in this study were all 6th grade students at SD Letjen M.T Haryono and SD Negeri 066430 Medan City totaling 116 students. By using sampling criteria, a sample of 88 students was obtained according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Data analysis was carried out using univariate analysis and bivariate analysis. Results: Based on the characteristics of respondents, the majority of school-age children with hearing loss based on gender are female, namely 15.9%; have a history of recurrent ear infections; have conductive hearing loss; have mild deafness; there is no significant relationship between gender and type of hearing loss and degree of hearing loss; there is a significant relationship between history of recurrent ear infections with type of hearing loss and degree of hearing loss; and the relationship between risk factors of noise exposure history, family history of hearing loss and history of head trauma cannot be analyzed, because none of the research subjects reported a history of these risk factors. Conclusion: The relationship between risk factors of noise exposure history, family history of hearing loss and history of head trauma cannot be analyzed, because none of the research subjects reported a history of these risk factors.