Analisis Faktor Risiko Kanker Paru pada Penderita Kanker Paru di RSUP Adam Malik Medan dan Jejaring

Abstract

Background and Aims : This study aims to identify the risk factors of patients diagnosed with lung cancer in several healthcare facilities located in one of Indonesia's largest cities, Medan, North Sumatra. Understanding the background of lung cancer patients identified in a specific region is expected to assist clinicians in early diagnosis or even in preventing future lung cancer cases. Methods : This research employed an observational analytic study design with a case-control approach, involving histopathologically confirmed lung cancer patients and control groups from June to November 2024. Data collected included smoking behavior, demographic characteristics, exposure to carcinogenic substances at work and home, and history of prior lung diseases. Results: The study revealed that the majority of lung cancer patients were aged 59 on average, with 75% being male. Major risk factors included smoking behavior, with active smokers having the highest risk compared to former and passive smokers. Air pollution exposure, both at the workplace (45.6%) and home (47.7%), was also significantly associated with an increased risk of lung cancer. A history of lung diseases, such as COPD and TB, as well as a family history of cancer, contributed to the elevated risk. Multivariate analysis showed that family cancer history had the greatest influence (OR=10.65), followed by workplace pollution, home pollution, and smoking behavior. Conversely, chronic lung disease history was found to be a protective factor. Conclusion: This study identified associations between risk factors such as smoking behavior, exposure to carcinogenic substances at work and home, and prior lung disease history with the occurrence of lung cancer. Further research in other populations is needed to validate these findings.