Pengaruh PDB per Kapita, Ketimpangan Pendapatan, Kepadatan Penduduk, dan Pengangguran terhadap Crime Index di 7 Negara ASEAN

Abstract

This study aims to examine the influence of GDP per capita, income inequality, population density, and unemployment on the crime index in seven ASEAN countries over the long and short term. The type of research used is a quantitative approach. Using panel data from 2013-2023 obtained from official websites including Numbeo, the World Bank, the World Income Inequality Database, and the ASEAN Statistical Yearbook. The countries studied are Malaysia, Cambodia, Indonesia, Vietnam, the Philippines, Thailand, and Singapore. Data analysis is conducted using the Panel Autoregressive Distributed Lag (Panel ARDL) method with Eviews 12. The results indicate that GDP per capita has a significant negative effect on the crime index in the long run, while its effect in the short run is positive but not statistically significant. Income inequality shows a significant positive effect on the crime index in the long run, but a positive yet insignificant effect in the short run. Population density significantly and positively affects the crime index in the long term, whereas in the short term, the effect is positive but not significant. Unemployment has a significant negative impact on the crime index in the long run, but a positive and insignificant effect in the short run.