Analisis Metabolit Sekunder Berdasarkan Gugus Fungsi Menggunakan Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) pada Umbi Bit (Beta vulgaris Lindl.)

Abstract

Background: Beetroot (Beta vulgaris) is known to contain a diverse array of phytochemicals, particularly secondary metabolites such as flavonoids, alkaloids, saponins, and tannins. These compounds have attracted significant interest due to their various health benefits, establishing beetroot as a promising source for pharmaceutical applications. Objective: This study aims to characterize the secondary metabolites present in beetroot based on their functional groups using Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. Qualitative pattern recognition was conducted using Principal Component Analysis (PCA), while Cluster Analysis (CA) was employed to assess the similarity and differences among the extracts Methods: Beetroot samples were extracted using maceration with three solvents: methanol, ethyl acetate, and n-hexane (all pro analysis grade). FTIR analysis was conducted using a DTGS (deuterated triglycine sulfate) detector across a spectral range of 4500–400 cm−1. Chemometric analysis was carried out using PCA with The Unscrambler version 10.4 and CA was performed using Minitab software. Results: FTIR (Fourier Transform Infrared) detected functional groups of secondary metabolites in beetroot. All three extracts were found to potentially contain flavonoids, alkaloids, saponins, tannins, triterpenoids, and glycosides. PCA results showed that PC-1 and PC-2 accounted for 74% and 22% of the variance, respectively, with a total variance of 96%. Cluster analysis revealed that the ethyl acetate and n-hexane extracts shared a similarity of 99.5975% and were grouped into Cluster 1. The methanol extract showed a similarity of 92.7347% with Cluster 1 and was classified as Cluster 2. Conclusion: Beetroot contains functional groups associated with secondary metabolites, as identified through FTIR analysis. Although structural similarities were observed across the methanol, ethyl acetate, and n-hexane extracts, variations in chemical composition indicate differences in the types of chemical compositions extracted by each solvent.