Kajian Variasi Suhu terhadap Mutu Biodiesel pada Produksi Biodiesel Non-Katalitik Menggunakan Reaktor Static Mixer

Abstract

Indonesia, as a pioneer in the use of biodiesel, has now prepared for the implementation of 40% biodiesel (B40) using crude palm oil in 2025. Biodiesel is an environmentally friendly alternative fuel produced through a transesterification reaction between vegetable oil or animal fat and alcohol, such as methanol. This study aims to determine the optimal temperature (200°C, 250°C, 300°C, and 350°C) for biodiesel production using a static mixer reactor to obtain the density, kinematic viscosity, cetane number, acid number, free glycerol, total glycerol, and methyl ester content. The research method employed a non-factorial completely randomized design with 4 treatments and 3 replications, along with a descriptive comparative method. The quality testing results of biodiesel from the temperature variation treatments yielded 58.67–77.33% (based on mass) and 94.89–96.09% ((based on stoichiometry) yield, 5.02–12.94% monoglycerides, 0.06–1.09% diglycerides, 2.27–13.45% triglycerides, 0.37–0.69% free glycerol, 0.12–0.24% total glycerol, 882.47–898.76 kg/m³ density at 40°C, 2.63–3.01 mm²/s (cSt) kinematic viscosity at 40°C, 82.28–95.37 mgKOH/g saponification value, 90.52–113.64 g I₂/100 g iodine value, 82.77–87.33 cetane number, 0.38–1.05 mg-KOH/g acid value, and 94.44-97.35 % methyl ester content.