Pertumbuhan dan Produksi Dua Varietas Padi (Oryza sativa L.) terhadap Pemupukan N Organik dan Anorganik

Abstract

Pandan Wangi rice variety is a superior local variety from Cianjur that has the advantages of distinctive pandan aroma, fluffy rice texture, and high economic value. Meanwhile, Inpari 32 is a new superior variety derived from Ciherang that has an early maturity period, shorter plant stature, high productivity reaching 8.53 tons/ha of dry milled grain, and is relatively more resistant to pest attacks. This study aimed to determine the differences in growth and production between two rice varieties (Pandan Wangi and Inpari 32), the effects of organic nitrogen fertilization (Azolla) and inorganic nitrogen fertilization (Urea), as well as the interaction between the two rice varieties and nitrogen fertilization on rice plant growth and production. The research was conducted using a factorial Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with two factors. The first factor was rice variety consisting of two levels: Pandan Wangi and Inpari 32. The second factor was nitrogen fertilization consisting of five levels: Azolla 100%, Urea 100%, Azolla 25% + Urea 75%, Azolla 50% + Urea 50%, and Azolla 75% + Urea 25%. The results showed that Pandan Wangi variety excelled in plant height, number of leaves, number of tillers, panicle length, and earlier flowering time, while Inpari 32 excelled in leaf color, flag leaf area, and leaf water content. Urea 100% treatment gave the best results in most vegetative and generative growth parameters, including plant height, number of leaves, number of tillers, shoot dry weight, panicle length, number of grains per panicle, and 1000-grain weight. The combination of Azolla with Urea showed good potential, especially in Azolla 25% + Urea 75% and Azolla 75% + Urea 25% treatments. There was a significant interaction between variety and fertilization on the parameter of filled grains per panicle, with the best result in Inpari 32 with Azolla 25% + Urea 75% treatment, and the highest number of unfilled grains per panicle in Pandan Wangi with Azolla 50% + Urea 50% treatment. The combination of organic and inorganic fertilizers in appropriate proportions can optimize rice plant growth and production sustainably.