Pengaruh Kombinasi Ekstrak Etanol Daun Kacang Tanah (Arachis Hypogaea L.) Dan Kulit Melinjo (Gnetum Gnemon L.): Uji In Vivo Terhadap Aktivitas Antihiperurisemia

Abstract

Introduction. Pain is one of the main complaints that encourages patients to seek medical treatment, including pain caused by gout arthritis. This condition is closely associated with chronic hyperuricemia. Conventional treatment using allopurinol as a xanthine oxidase inhibitor is known to be effective, but long-term use may cause adverse effects. Objective. To determine the effect of a combination of 70% ethanol extracts of peanut leaves (Arachis hypogaea L.) and melinjo peels (Gnetum gnemon L.) on antihyperuricemic activity. Methods. This study was an experimental study with a posttest-only control group design consisting of six treatment groups. Male mice (Mus musculus) weighing 20–30 g were induced with potassium oxonate (300 mg/kgBW) to induce hyperuricemia, then treated with ethanol extract of peanut leaves (42 mg/kgBW), ethanol extract of melinjo peels (126 mg/kgBW), and their combination for 7 days. Uric acid levels were measured using a spectrophotometric method. Results and Discussion. The groups treated with ethanol extracts of peanut leaves, melinjo peels, and their combination showed significant differences compared with the hyperuricemia-induced group (p = 0.0284; p = 0.0214; and p = 0.0284). The reduction in uric acid levels produced by the plant extracts did not exceed the effectiveness of allopurinol but resulted in final levels comparable to those of the normal group. The single melinjo peel extract showed the most optimal results compared to the combined extracts, presumably due to antagonistic interactions among polyphenolic compounds that may reduce synergistic effects. Conclusion. The ethanol extract of melinjo peels has better potential as an antihyperuricemic agent than the combination of both extracts, with the ability to restore uric acid levels to normal conditions.