Hubungan Antara Kadar Serum Kalsium (Ca) Dan Asam Urat Terhadap Tingkat Keparahan Preeklamsia Pada Ibu Hamil Trimester II Dan III Di Rumah Sakit Pendidikan Prof. Dr. Chairuddin P. Lubis Universitas Sumatera Utara

Abstract

Background. Background. Preeclampsia is one of the leading causes of maternal morbidity and mortality, with varying degrees of severity and a pathophysiology involving endothelial dysfunction due to an imbalance of angiogenic factors, oxidative stress, and metabolic abnormalities. The WHO reports that cases of preeclampsia in developing countries are seven times higher than in developed countries. The high incidence of preeclampsia contributes directly to AKI, so more effective prevention and treatment are essential to reduce maternal mortality. Calcium and uric acid are known to play a role in the pathophysiology of preeclampsia through vascular dysfunction and inflammatory processes, and therefore both have the potential to increase the severity of preeclampsia symptoms. Objective. This study was conducted to determine the relationship between serum calcium and uric acid levels and the severity of preeclampsia in pregnant women in their second and third trimesters at Prof. Dr. Chairuddin P. Lubis Teaching Hospital, Universitas Sumatera Utara. Methods. This study was an analytical study with a cross-sectional design. The sample consisted of 30 pregnant women in their second and third trimesters who met the inclusion criteria, namely 15 preeclampsia patients with aggravating symptoms and 15 preeclampsia patients without aggravating symptoms. Sample collection was performed using consecutive sampling. Data analysis was performed using ANOVA or Kruskal-Wallis tests for numerical data and Chi-square tests for categorical data, with p < 0.05 Results. The preeclampsia group with aggravating symptoms had higher mean systolic and diastolic blood pressure than the group without aggravating symptoms (170.73 ± 5.64/114.4 ± 3.6 mmHg vs. 146.53 ± 4.31/93.6 ± 2.64 mmHg). Meanwhile, calcium levels differed significantly between the two groups, with lower mean levels in the group with aggravating symptoms (8.14 ± 0.42 mg/dL) compared to the group without aggravating symptoms (9.05 ± 0.46 mg/dL; p < 0.001). Uric acid levels also showed a significant difference, with a higher mean in the severe symptoms group (5.87 ± 1.81 mg/dL) compared to the non-severe symptoms group (4.16 ± 0.89 mg/dL; p = 0.003). Conclusion. There is a significant relationship between serum calcium and uric acid levels and the severity of preeclampsia in pregnant women in the second and third trimesters at Prof. Dr. Chairuddin P. Lubis Teaching Hospital, Universitas Sumatera Utara. Routine examination of these parameters in pregnant women has the potential to aid in the early detection and management of preeclampsia.