Efek Nigella Sativa Terhadap Perubahan Kadar Estradiol, FSH, Indeks Maturitas Vagina dan Kualitas Hidup pada Wanita Menopause Berdasarkan Kuesioner Menqol

Abstract

Introduction: Menopause causes a decrease in estrogen levels, affecting folliclestimulating hormone (FSH) levels, the vaginal maturation index (VMI), and women’s quality of life. Conventional hormone therapy often leads to side effects, prompting the need for safer natural alternatives. Nigella sativa contains thymoquinone (TQ), flavonoids, phenolic compounds, and linoleic acid, which may exert estrogenic effects and serve as a potential alternative therapy for menopausal women. Objective: To determine the effect of Nigella sativa on serum estradiol, FSH, vaginal maturation index, and quality of life using the Menopause-specific Quality of Life (MenQoL) questionnaire in menopausal women. Methods: This analytical study used a single-blind controlled experimental design. Sixty menopausal women were divided into three groups: control (placebo), intervention with Nigella sativa 910 mg/day (K2), and intervention with 1,365 mg/day (K3) for 8 weeks. Serum FSH and estradiol levels, vaginal maturation index, and MenQoL scores were measured before and after the intervention. Data were analyzed using bivariate and multivariate tests. Results: After 8 weeks of Nigella sativa administration, mean estradiol levels increased significantly in the K2 (22.08 to 47.47 pg/mL) and K3 (17.65 to 53.26 pg/mL) groups compared to controls (p = 0.009 and p < 0.001). MenQoL scores significantly decreased in K2 and K3 groups compared to controls (p < 0.001). No significant differences were observed in estradiol levels or quality of life between the two intervention doses. Conclusion: Both low and high doses of Nigella sativa improved estradiol levels and enhanced the quality of life in menopausal women. Nigella sativa shows potential as a natural adjuvant therapy alternative to hormonal treatment for menopause