Efektivitas Penggunaan Kateter Urin Intrapartum dalam Mencegah Retensi Urin Postpartum (RUPP)

Abstract

Introduction: Postpartum urinary retention (PPUR) is a urological complication occurring in the postpartum period that may cause both short- and long-term voiding dysfunction if not identified and managed appropriately. Several maternal and intrapartum factors—including parity, birth canal trauma, tissue edema, instrumental delivery, neonatal birthweight, and intrapartum catheterization— have been proposed to influence PPUR. However, current evidence remains inconsistent, necessitating further investigation within specific clinical populations. Objectives: This study aims to determine the difference in effectiveness between intrapartum catheterization and no intrapartum catheterization in preventing postpartum urinary retention. Methods: A comparative analytic study with a cross-sectional design was conducted involving 44 postpartum women who underwent vaginal delivery at RSP Prof. C.P.L. USU Medan. Participants were allocated into two groups, namely those who received intrapartum catheterization (n = 22) and those without catheterization (n = 22). Data were analyzed using Chi-square, Fisher’s Exact Test, and the Mann–Whitney test. Results: Most participants were <35 years old (95.5% in both groups) and primigravida (59.1%). No significant associations were observed between PPUR and parity (p = 0.614), perineal rupture (p = 0.205), vulvar edema (p = 0.813), or macrosomia (p = 0.086). Intrapartum catheterization demonstrated a trend toward higher PPUR incidence (59.1% vs. 31.8%; p = 0.069). A significant difference in residual urine volume was identified between the catheter and non-catheter groups, with medians of 200 mL and 100 mL, respectively (p < 0.001). Overall, PPUR occurred in 20 of 44 participants (45.5%). Conclusion: No demographic or clinical variables were significantly associated with PPUR. Nevertheless, intrapartum catheterization showed a tendency to increase PPUR risk and was significantly associated with higher postpartum residual urine volume. Keywords: postpartum urinary retention, intrapartum catheterization, post-void residual volume, vaginal delivery, risk factors