Potensi Nanoemulgel Ekstrak Daun Matoa (Pometia Pinnata J.R. Forst & G. Forst.) 5% Sebagai Tabir Surya Terhadap Penuaan Kulit Wajah

Abstract

Background: Photoaging is a form of accelerated skin aging caused by prolonged exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation. As concerns grow over the side effects of synthetic sunscreen ingredients, interest in natural alternatives continues to increase. Matoa leaves contain antioxidant-rich compounds with potential as natural photoprotective agents. Nanoemulgel formulations are designed to enhance the penetration and efficacy of active ingredients in topical applications.

Objective: To evaluate the potential of a 5% matoa (Pometia pinnata J.R. Forst & G. Forst.) leaf extract nanoemulgel as a sunscreen for preventing facial skin aging.

Methods: This quasi-experimental study involved 40 female street cleaners in Medan, Indonesia, aged 25–50 years. Participants applied the 5% matoa nanoemulgel twice daily for 12 weeks. The sun protection factor (SPF) was assessed in vitro using UV-Vis spectrophotometry. Skin assessments were conducted at weeks 0 (baseline), 4, 8, and 12 using a digital skin analyzer to evaluate parameters including spots, wrinkles, roughness, UV pigmentation, UV moisture, and UV damage. Adverse effects and participant satisfaction were also recorded. Statistical analysis was performed using the Friedman test, followed by the Wilcoxon test for post-hoc comparisons. Data on adverse effects associated with the nanoemulgel application were calculated based on the number and percentage of affected subjects.

Results: The nanoemulgel demonstrated an SPF value of 39.17, categorized as providing “ultra” protection. Significant improvements were observed in spot (p<0.001), roughness (p=0.020), UV pigmentation (p<0.001), UV damage (p=0.007), and UV moisture (p<0.001). While improvements were also seen in wrinkles, these were not statistically significant (p=0.090). No adverse effects were reported, and all participants completed the intervention.

Conclusion: The 5% matoa (Pometia pinnata J.R. Forst & G. Forst.) leaf extract nanoemulgel shows promise as a safe and effective natural sunscreen. It offers strong UV protection, enhances skin hydration, and improves early signs of facial skin aging, with excellent tolerability