Analisis Efek Antimikroba Ekstrak Daun Salam (Syzygium polyanthum) dan Ekstrak Daun Mimba (Azadirachta indica A. Juss) Terhadap Bakteri Staphylococcus aureus dan Escherichia coli

Abstract

Introduction. Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a serious global threat caused by the improper use of antibiotics. Two major pathogens of concern are Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli, which have developed resistance to multiple antibiotics. The use of herbal plants possessing antibacterial compounds, such as Salam leaf (Syzygium polyanthum) and Mimba leaf (Azadirachta indica A. Juss), is one potential solution. Objective. This study aimed to analyze the antimicrobial effects of Salam leaf (Syzygium polyanthum) extract, Mimba leaf (Azadirachta indica A. Juss) extract, and their combination on the growth of Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. Methods. This research used a true experimental design (post-test only control group). The antibacterial activity test was performed using the Kirby Bauer Disk diffusion method at concentrations of 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100%. There were 6 repetitions in each group. Results and Discussion. The results of the Kruskall-Wallis test on S. aureus showed p<0.05, indicating a significant association. The Post Hoc test showed that Salam leaf extract and Mimba leaf extract were significant (p<0.05) at all concentrations (25% to 100%) compared to the control. In the combined extract, significance (p<0.05) was found at concentrations of 25%, 50%, and 100%. No effect was produced by any of the extracts on Escherichia coli. Conclusion. There was a significant association in the testing of Salam leaf extract, Mimba leaf extract, and their combination against Staphylococcus aureus. However, no effect was found against Escherichia coli.