Hubungan Kejadian Acute Kidney Injury dengan Mortalitas Pasien di Intensive Care Unit (ICU) Rumah Sakit Umum Prof. Dr. Chairuddin P. Lubis Universitas Sumatera Utara

Abstract

Background. Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) is a common complication in critically ill patients and contributes to increased mortality in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU). Understanding the association between AKI and mortality is important to support prognostic assessment and clinical decision-making. Objective. To determine the relationship between AKI and mortality among ICU patients at Prof. dr. Chairuddin P. Lubis Universitas Sumatera Utara Hospital, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, 20155, INDONESIA. Methods. This analytical observational study used a cross-sectional design. Data were obtained from ICU medical records from June 2023 to June 2025 through consecutive sampling, involving 144 patients (72 AKI and 72 non-AKI). Variables assessed included AKI status, mortality, SOFA score, comorbidities, and primary diagnosis. Data were analyzed using the Chi-square test and Crude Odds Ratio (OR). Results. Mortality was higher in the AKI group at 98.6% (71/72) compared with 86.1% (62/72) in the non-AKI group. AKI showed a significant association with mortality (p = 0.005; OR = 11.452), indicating that AKI increased the risk of death more than elevenfold. A SOFA score ≥7 was also significantly associated with mortality (p = 0.001; OR = 17.708), as were comorbidities (p = 0.001; OR = 10.098). Primary diagnoses such as neurological disorders, sepsis, and respiratory conditions also demonstrated significant associations (p = 0.003). Conclusion. AKI is significantly associated with increased mortality in ICU patients. Additional factors—high SOFA score, comorbidities, and specific primary diagnoses—further worsen patient outcomes. Keywords: Acute Kidney Injury, comorbidity, ICU, mortality, primary diagnosis, SOFA score.