Hubungan Antara Kadar Asam Laktat dan Mortalitas pada Pasien Sepsis Pneumonia di Rumah Sakit H. Adam Malik Medan Tahun 2023

Abstract

Background: The causes of mortality in pneumonia are diverse. Sepsis increases the risk of death by approximately 2.65 times. Epidemiological data indicate that sepsis accounts for about 20% of global mortality, with 85% of cases occurring in developing countries. The pathophysiological process of sepsis is characterized by organ dysfunction triggered by tissue hypoperfusion. One biomarker reflecting tissue hypoperfusion and anaerobic metabolism is lactic acid. Elevated lactic acid levels have been strongly associated with poor prognosis in sepsis patients, including increased mortality risk. However, the relationship between high lactic acid levels and mortality in sepsis pneumonia patients still requires further clarification, particularly in the local population context. Objective: This study aimed to analyse the relationship between lactic acid levels and mortality in patients with sepsis pneumonia treated at H. Adam Malik Hospital, Medan in 2023. Methods: This was an analytical study using a cross-sectional design conducted on 93 sepsis patients who underwent lactic acid and procalcitonin testing. Results: A total of 93 sepsis patients were included. Chi-square analysis showed that lactic acid levels >2 mmol/L were significantly associated with increased mortality (p=0.043), affecting 91.9% of patients. However, no significant association was found between procalcitonin levels >2 ng/mL and mortality (p=0.600). Conclusion: There is a significant relationship between elevated lactic acid levels and mortality in patients with sepsis pneumonia. Lactic acid levels >2 mmol/L are associated with higher mortality rates, while procalcitonin levels show no significant correlation. Therefore, lactic acid can serve as an early prognostic indicator for assessing mortality risk in sepsis pneumonia patients