Hubungan Obesitas dengan Neuropati Diabetik pada Pasien Diabetes Melitus Tipe 2 di Rumah Sakit Prof Dr Chairuddin P Lubis Universitas Sumatera Utara Tahun 2022-2024

Abstract

Background. Diabetic neuropathy is one of the most common chronic complications in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus caused by prolonged hyperglycemia that leads to peripheral nerve damage. Obesity contributes to the acceleration of neuropathy through mechanisms involving insulin resistance, oxidative stress, and systemic inflammation. Objective. To determine the relationship between obesity and the incidence of diabetic neuropathy among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus at Prof. dr. Chairuddin P. Lubis Universitas Sumatera Utara Hospital, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, 20155, INDONESIA, during the 2022–2024 period. Methods. This study employed an observational analytic design with a cross-sectional approach using secondary data from patient medical records from 2022 to 2024. A total of 386 respondents were selected using the consecutive sampling technique. Data were analyzed using the Chi-Square test with a 95% confidence level (α = 0.05) and 80% statistical power. Results and Discussion. The results showed a significant association between obesity and the incidence of diabetic neuropathy (p = 0.000) with an Odds Ratio (OR) of 2.255 (95% CI: 1.492–3.408). Obese patients had a 2.25 times higher risk of developing diabetic neuropathy compared to non-obese patients. This finding indicates that an increased body mass index may serve as an independent risk factor for the development of diabetic neuropathy. Conclusion. There is a significant relationship between obesity and the incidence of diabetic neuropathy among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Weight control should be considered an essential component in the prevention of chronic diabetic complications. Keywords: body mass index, diabetic neuropathy, obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus