Hubungan Kadar Hba1c Dengan Kejadian Retinopati Diabetik Pada Pasien Diabetes Melitus Tipe 2 Di Rumah Sakit Pendidikan Prof. Dr. Chairuddin Panusunan Lubis Universitas Sumatera Utara

Abstract

Introduction: Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is one of the most common complications of type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) that can impair vision. DR may occur as a result of poor glycemic control. Therefore, it can be prevented by maintaining optimal blood glucose levels. HbA1c serves as a primary indicator of blood glucose control. Objective: To identify the relationship between HbA1c levels and the incidence of DR in type 2 DM patients at Prof. Dr. Chairuddin P. Lubis Universitas Sumatera Utara Hospital. Methods: This study is an analytical observational study with a cross-sectional design. Sampling was conducted using a consecutive sampling method, involving 34 participants. Secondary data were obtained from medical records of outpatients at Prof. Dr. Chairuddin P. Lubis Universitas Sumatera Utara Hospital, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, 20155, INDONESIA from March 2022 to August 2025. Eta and Independent t-tests were used for data analysis. Results and Discussion: A strong relationship was found between HbA1c levels and the incidence of DR (Eta values = 0.836). Among the participants, 22 patients (64.7%) had DR with a mean HbA1c level of 10.49, while 12 patients (35.2%) without DR had a mean HbA1c level of 7.42. These findings indicate that HbA1c levels in the group with DR were significantly higher than in the group without DR. Conclusion: HbA1c levels in type 2 DM patients are significantly associated with the incidence of DR and can serve as a parameter for controlling diabetes complications, particularly DR.