Aktivitas Antibakteri Ekstrak Etanol Rimpang Temulawak (Curcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb.) Terhadap Pseudomonas aeruginosa Dengan Metode Difusi

Abstract

Introduction. Antibiotic resistance poses a global health threat with Pseudomonas aeruginosa listed as one of WHO’s priority pathogens due to antimicrobial resistance (AMR). The prevalence of AMR necessitates the development of new antibacterials. Temulawak (Curcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb.) has potential as an antibacterial due to the presence of bioactive compounds in its rhizome. Objective. To evaluate the antibacterial efficacy of ethanol extract of temulawak rhizome against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Method. Ethanol extract of temulawak rhizome at concentrations of 0.025-0.2 mg/mL and 500-1,000 mg/mL was tested against Pseudomonas aeruginosa with disk diffusion and well diffusion methods. Positive control was 30 μg ceftazidime and negative controls were distilled water and 80% DMSO. Experiments were performed with four samples per intervention group. Results and Discussion. Phytochemical screening showed temulawak rhizome contains alkaloids, flavonoids, glycosides, phenols, tannins, and terpenoids. Concentrations of 0.025-0.2 mg/mL, 500 mg/mL, and 650 mg/mL produced no inhibition zones. Concentration of 800 mg/mL with the disk diffusion method produced a mean inhibition zone of 3 mm, while concentrations of 800 mg/mL and 1,000 mg/mL with the well diffusion method produced mean inhibition zones of 2 mm and 3.5 mm, respectively. Positive control significantly outperformed most extract concentrations (p<0.05) except against concentrations that produced inhibition zones. Conclusion. Ethanol extracts of temulawak rhizome at concentrations of 800 mg/mL and 1,000 mg/mL demonstrated antibacterial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, but the resulting inhibition zones were inconsistent across samples, indicating variable antibacterial efficacy.