Pengaruh Ekstrak Kulit Nanas (Ananas comosus (L.) Merr) terhadap Pertumbuhan Jamur Dermatofita dari Pasien Dermatofitosis secara In Vitro

Abstract

Background: The primary treatment for dermatophytosis involves azoles and allylamine antijamurs. However, resistance and side effects remain as significant challenges, requiring a safer and more effective antijamur treatment. The promising natural resource is pineapple peel (Ananas comosus (L.) Merr), which contains bioactive compounds such as flavonoid, phenol, saponin, tannin and bromelain that are known for their antijamur activity.

Aim: To determine the effect of pineapple (Ananas comosus (L.) Merr) peel extract towards the growth of dermatophytes isolated from dermatophytosis patients in vitro.

Subjects and Methods: This research was an experimental study with post-test only control group design involving 33 research subjects. Dermatophytosis diagnosis was established through history taking, dermatological examination, skin scraping and culture. Identified fungal isolates were examined using the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method and microdilution assay to assess the inhibitory effect of pineapple peel extract at concentrations of 15,62 mg/ml, 31,25 mg/ml, 62,50 mg/ml, 125 mg/ml, 250 mg/ml, and 500 mg/ml. Ketoconazole was used as the positive control and DMSO 5% as the negative control. Data were analyzed using the Kruskal-Wallis test to determine the inhibitory concentrations and its effect.

Results: The most identified dermatophytes in this study were Trichophyton rubrum (42.4%) and Trichophyton mentagrophytes (27.3%). The lowest minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of pineapple peel extract was found against Trichophyton terrestre (31.25 mg/ml), followed by T. rubrum and T. tonsurans (62.50 mg/ml), and T. mentagrophytes (125 mg/ml). Epidermophyton floccosum showed the most similar inhibitory effect to ketoconazole based on diffusion test result. The highest MIC was observed for Microsporum canis (500 mg/ml). Statistical analysis showed that increasing the concentration of pineapple peel extract significantly enhanced its inhibitory effect on dermatophyte growth (p < 0.001).

Conclusion: Pineapple (Ananas comosus (L.) Merr) peel extract shows potential as natural a antifungal agent against various dermatophyte species. The MIC varies among the species, with concentrations ranging from 31,25−500 mg/ml. These findings support the development of pineapple peel extract as an alternative therapy for dermatophytosis.