Uji Aktivitas Antibakteri Ekstrak Etanol dan Fraksi-Fraksi Kulit Buah Markisa Ungu (Passiflora edulis Sims) terhadap Bakteri Staphylococcus epidermidis di Laboratorium Fitokimia dan Mikrobiologi Farmasi USU

Abstract

Latar Belakang: Staphylococcus epidermidis dapat menimbulkan penyakit pembengkakan (abses) seperti jerawat, infeksi kulit, infeksi saluran kemih dan infeksi ginjal. Di Sumatera Utara, beberapa kabupaten merupakan pusat penghasil markisa ungu yang limbah kulitnya belum dimanfaatkan. Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui karakterisasi, golongan senyawa kimia dan aktivitas antibakteri ekstrak etanol, fraksi n-heksan dan fraksi etil asetat kulit buah markisa ungu Passiflora edulis Sims terhadap bakteri Staphylococcus epidermidis. Metode: Simplisia dikarakterisasi dan diskrining fitokimia, kemudian dimaserasi menggunakan pelarut etanol 96%, dilanjutkan dengan proses fraksinasi dengan pelarut n-heksan dan etil asetat. Ekstrak etanol, fraksi n-heksan dan etil asetat diskrining dan dilakukan uji aktivitas antibakteri metode difusi agar menggunakan cakram kertas (Uji Kirby-Bauer). Parameter yang diamati yaitu diameter zona hambat pertumbuhan bakteri Staphylococcus epidermidis di area kertas cakram. Hasil: Hasil karakterisasi simplisia kulit buah markisa ungu diperoleh kadar air 9,32%, kadar sari larut air 23,6%, kadar sari larut etanol 9,99%, kadar abu total 8,21% dan kadar abu tidak larut dalam asam 0,99%. Skrining fitokimia serbuk simplisia dan ekstrak etanol menunjukkan hasil positif pada kandungan alkaloid, flavonoid, glikosida, glikosida antrakinon, saponin, tanin dan steroid/triterpenoid. Fraksi n-heksan mengandung triterpenoid saja. Fraksi etil asetat mengandung flavonoid, glikosida, saponin dan tanin. Hasil uji aktivitas antibakteri menunjukkan fraksi etil asetat memberikan daerah hambat yang paling efektif, yaitu dengan diameter 15,2 mm pada konsentrasi 300mg/ml. Ekstrak etanol dengan dengan diameter hambat 14,28 mm pada konsentrasi 400 mg/ml. Fraksi nheksan menunjukkan aktivitas antibakteri yang lemah karena pada konsentrasi 500 mg/ml tidak memberikan daya hambat efektif yaitu dengan daerah hambat 12 mm. Kesimpulan: Hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa fraksi etil asetat kulit buah markisa ungu memberikan daerah hambat paling efektif terhadap bakteri Staphylococcus epidermidis

Background: Staphylococcus epidermidis can cause swelling (abscess) such as acne, skin infections, urinary tract infections and kidney infections. In North Sumatra, several districts are purple passion fruit producing centers whose rind waste has not been utilized. Objective: The purpose of this research was to know about characteristic, the chemical compounds and antibacterial activity of ethanol extract, n-hexane fraction and ethyl acetate fraction of purple passion fruit rind against Staphylococcus epidermidis. Method: Simplex was characterized and phytochemical screened, then extracted by maceration method using ethanol 96%. It continued to fractionation process using n-hexane and ethyl acetate. Ethanol extract, fractions of n-hexane and ethyl acetate were screened and tested the antibacterial activity by agar diffusion method used paper disc (Kirby-Bauer Test). Parameters measured were inhibition zone of Staphylococcus epidermidis bacterial growth. Results: The characterization result of purple passion fruit rind simplex showed water content 9,32%, water soluble extract content 23,6%, ethanol soluble extract content 9,99%, total ash content 8,21%, and acid insoluble ash content 0,99%. The results of phytochemical screening simplex and ethanol extract showed positive results on the content of alkaloids, flavonoids, glycosides, anthraquinone glycosides, saponins, tannins and steroids/triterpenoids. The n-hexane fraction only contains triterpenoids. The ethyl acetate fraction contains flavonoids, glycosides, saponins and tannins. The result of antibacterial activity test showed that the ethyl acetate fraction gave the most effective inhibition zone, with diameter of 15.2 mm at concentration 300 mg/ml. Ethanol extract with inhibitory diameter of 14.28 mm at concentration 400 mg/ml. The n-hexane fraction showed weak antibacterial activity because at concentration 500 mg/ml did not provide an effective inhibitory effect with inhibition zone 12 mm. Conclusion: The results of this study could be concluded that the ethyl acetate fraction of purple passion fruit rind gave the most effective inhibition zone against Staphylococcus epidermidis