Implementasi Program Keluarga Harapan (PKH) dan Kesejahteraan Keluarga Penerima Manfaat (KPM) di Kecamatan Langsa Lama Kota Langsa

Abstract

The objective of the research was to discover how the Implementation of PKH (Family Hope Program) on the welfare of the families receiving PKH grant in Langsa Lama Sub-District, Langsa. Poverty can be measured/ discovered based on the low income to fulfill primary needs such as food, health, housing or residence, and education. This research was done in Langsa Lama Sub-District, Langsa. It used qualitative approach. The informant was selected by applying purposive sampling technique. The data sources were obtained from observation and in-depth interviews. The results of the research demonstrated that PKH on KPM (the families receiving grant) in Langsa Lama Sub-District has been very well implemented. In health field, every participant had complied with the provisions of PKH in accordance with the procedures, while in education field, the students receiving PKH grant were obliged to have 15% of the required attendance. However, they were not yet independent because they still needed continuing aid. The period of receiving PKH grant should have been limited up to 6 (six) years, but many participants who had been receiving the grant for 7 (seven) years still receive it until present time. The results also demonstrated the impact of PKH on the welfare of KPM observed from income aspect which indicated that there was not any change in income of the grant receivers. PKH could only cover the pocket money of their children to go to school or to buy them new school uniform and books. The income of PKH receivers did not change due to the minimal amount of the grant. The impact of PKH on education was that the associate made evaluation to the school receiving PKH grant. Its impact on health aspect was that PKH participants received health service, pregnancy check up for expecting mothers, and immunization for balita (below 5 year old children). The positive impact of PKH was that the children were motivated to go back to school because they were given pocket money by their parents. The grant receivers who were running small scale shop were able to add more capital. They also participated in social activities. In addition to the positive impact, the Implementation of PKH in Langsa Lama Sub- District, Langsa, also had negative impact on family welfare; namely, the income of the families receiving PKH grant did not have any significant change compared to the income of the society. PKH could only cover the pocket money of the school kids, buy school uniform, or pay for other school related need such as school books. In the implementation of PKH, some participants receiving PKH grant exceeded the limit of the period given. The limit of the grant period given was six years, but although they have been receiving the grant for 7 years, they still receiveit.

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui Implementasi Program Keluarga Harapan (PKH) dan kesejahteraan keluarga penerima manfaat PKH di Kecamatan Langsa Lama, Kota Langsa. Kemiskinan dapat diukur/diketahui berdasarkan rendahnya kemampuan pendapatan dalam memenuhi kebutuhan pokok berupa pangan, kesehatan, perumahan atau pemukiman, serta pendidikan. Penelitian ini dilakukan di Kecamatan Langsa Lama Kota Langsa. Pendekatan di dalam penelitian ini merupakan pendekatan kualitatif. Pemilihan informan dilakukan melalui purposive sampling. sumber data diperoleh melalui observasi, dan wawancara mendalam. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Implementasi Program Keluarga Harapan (PKH) dan kesejahteraan penerima manfaat (KPM) di Kecamatan Langsa Lama adalah terlihat implementasinya diterapkan dalam bidang kesehatan setiap peserta sudah mengikuti ketentuan PKH sesuai prosedur, sedangkan dalam bidang pendidikan siswa penerima bantuan PKH wajib hadir 15% dari persyaratan yang ditetapkan. Walaupun demikian mereka belum mandiri karena peserta PKH masih memerlukan bantuan yang berkelanjutan. Seharusnya batasan penerima PKH hanya sampai 6 (enam) tahun, akan tetapi masih banyak yang sudah 7 (tujuh) tahun masih menerima bantuan program keluarga harapan (PKH). Temuan berikutnya dilihat dari dampak Program KeluargaHarapan (PKH) terhadap kesejahteraan keluarga penerima manfaat (KPM) dari aspek pendapatan tidak terdapat perubahan pada masyarakat penerima PKH. PKH hanya mampu mencukupi jajan anak sekeloh atau uang beli seragam anak, dan buku anak. PKH dalam aspek kesehatan peserta PKH mendapatkan pelayanan kesehatan serta pengecekan kesehatan ibu hamil dan balita diberikan imunisasi. Manfaat dari PKH diantaranya ialah anak-anak sudah termotivasi untuk sekolah, berhubung mereka sudah dibekali oleh orang tuanya uang jajan. Penerima manfaat yang berjualan kecil-kecilan sudah mampu menambah modal. Penerima manfaat ikut berpartisipasi dalam hal kegiatan sosial. Selain manfaat PKH terdapat juga ketidak berhasilan dari Pelaksanaan PKH di kecamatan langsa lama yaitu, kesejahteraan masyarakat di Kota Langsa dilihat dari segi pendapatan, tidak ada perubahan yang signifikan antara penerima bantuan PKH dengan pendapatan/ penghasilan masyarakat. PKH hanya bisa mencukupi jajan anak sekolah atau uang beli seragam anak, dan keperluan sekolah lainnya, seperti uang buku. Dalam Pelaksanaanya terdapat beberapa peserta yang menerima bantuan PKH lebih dari batas maksimal waktu yang di berikan. Batas waktu yang di berikan lima sampai enam tahun, tetapi peserta sudah 7 tahun masihdiberikan.