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    Poli Asam Laktat (PLA)/Kitosan/Bentonit Nanokomposit dari Pati Singkong untuk Aplikasi Kemasan Makanan dan Peningkatan Kompatibiliser Mengunakan Glutaraldehid

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    Date
    2018
    Author
    Salim, Suryani
    Advisor(s)
    Agusnar, Harry
    Rihayat, Teuku
    Wirjosentono, Basuki
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    Abstract
    PLA is the most promising biopolymer, as it offers several uniqueness especially its biodegradability, biocompatibility properties and its thermoplastic process capability. PLA is used for many different applications, from packaging to agricultural products and household products, as well as pharmaceuticals, healthcare and pharmaceutical industries. In this research, syntheses to produce Poly Lactic Acid (PLA), bentonite and chitosan with blending process to manufacture of PLA / Bentonite / Chitosan nanocomposite. Comparison of synthesis products with commercial products is made to determine the quality of PLA/Chitosan/Bentonite from synthesis in laboratory. Improved quality of PLA / Bentonite / Chitosan nanocomposite materials and chitosan treatment with glutaraldehyde to produce better crosslinking character is also done. The result of this research is lactic acid infrared spectrum showing of hydroxyl group O-H with strong indication of hydrogen bond formation, as seen from peak width of wavelength number 3502,72 cm-1. The carbonyl group as a strain C = O is shown in the 1759.08 cm-1 wavelength. Furthermore, X-RD (X-ray diffraction) testing showed d-spacing 0.04 m bentonite, 1 hour stirring is 2,571 nm (2°). 0.04 m bentonite, 2 hour stirring 2.798 nm (7.08°) , 0.05 m bentonite, 1 hour stirring 3.055 nm (3.06°), 0.05 m bentonite, 2 hours stirring 3.386 nm (4.46°) while d-spacing of pure bentonite 1.142 nm (2.24°). Characterization of tensile strength values (MPa) and elongation (%) of PLA / Chitosan / bentonite Nanocomposites material obtained from 172 - 186 Mpa. Which is capable of being degraded because it comes from renewable material, in this research the result of pure PLA biodegradation is 93,10% for weathering process for 12 days. Addition of chitosan and bentonite given effect to PLA material biodegradation capability, where the percentage value; 80.65 % for PLA / Bentonite / Chitosan 1 wt%; 81.13% PLA / Bentonite / Chitosan 3 wt%, and 81.15% PLA / Bentonite / Chitosan 5 wt%. The results showed the lowest colony growth rate was found in the composition of PLA / Bentonit / Chitosan 5 wt% on day 12 that is 65.5 colony / gram. Where the baseline rate of bacterial colonies in 5 wt% bioplastic on day 0 is 26 colonies / gram. This shows that the anti-bacterial properties that exist in chitosan can inhibit bacterial growth. The addition of glutaraldehyde shows that the tensile properties of composite materials and also their heat resistance properties are increasing due to the increasing crosslinking of PLA / Bentonite / Chitosan material. The results showed that the percentage of biodegradation after chitosan / bentonite addition was 81.15% and colony growth was 65.5 colony / gram. The lowest when compared with the PLA polymer without the addition of chitosan / bentonite. After the addition of glutaraldehyde tensile strength exceeds the commercial PLA tensile strength from 186 MPa to 190 MPa. Resistance to heat increased from 365.04 oC to 446.63 oC (81.73%).
     
    PLA adalah biopolimer yang paling menjanjikan, karena menawarkan beberapa keunikan terutama sifat Biodegradable, kompatibel dan kemampuan proses termoplastiknya. PLA digunakan untuk banyak aplikasi yang berbeda, dari kemasan hingga produk pertanian dan industri farmasi. Pada penelitian ini dilakukan sintesa untuk meghasilkan Poli Asam Laktat (PLA), sintesa bentonit, sintesa kitosan, pembuatan PLA/Kitosan/Bentonit Nanokomposit dan membandingkan produk hasil sintesa dengan produk komersial. Peningkatan kualitas material PLA/Kitosan/Bentonit Nanokomposit dan pengolahan kitosan dengan glutaraldehid untuk menghasilkan karakter crosslingking (ikat silang) yang lebih baik. Hasil penelitian yang diperoleh adalah Spektrum FTIR asam laktat memperlihatkan regangan gugus hidroksil O-H dengan indikasi kuat terbentuknya ikatan hidrogen, terlihat dari puncak lebar didaerah bilangan gelombang 3502,72 cm-1. Regangan Gugus karbonil C=O pada bilangan gelombang 1759,08 cm-1. Hasil pengujian X-RD ( X-ray diffraction) menunjukkan d-spacing pada bentonit 0,04 m, 1 jam pengadukan sebesar 2,571 nm (2°), bentonit 0,04 m, 2 jam pengadukan 2,798 nm (7.08°), bentonit 0,05 m, 1 jam pengadukan 3.055 nm (3.06°) dan bentonit 0,05 m, 2 jam pengadukan 3.386 nm (4.46°) sedangkan d-spacing dari bentonit murni adalah 1.142 nm (2.24°). Karakterisasi nilai kuat tarik (MPa) terhadap material PLA/Kitosan/bentonit Nanocomposites yang didapatkan berkisar antara 172 – 186 MPa. PLA adalah polimer yang mampu terdegradasi karena berasal dari material yang terbarukan, hasil biodegradasi meterial PLA murni adalah 93,10% selama 12 hari. Penambahan kitosan dan bentonit memberi pengaruh terhadap kemampuan biodegradasi material PLA, dimana 80,65% untuk PLA/Bentonit/Kitosan 1%; 81,13% PLA/Bentonit/Kitosan 3% dan 81,15% PLA/Kitosan/Bentonit nanokomposit 5%. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan angka pertumbuhan koloni terendah terdapat pada komposisi PLA/Kitosan/Bentonit 5% pada hari ke 12 yaitu sebesar 65.5 koloni/gram. Dimana angka awal rerata jumlah koloni bakteri yang terdapat pada bioplastik 5% di hari ke 0 sebesar 26 koloni/gram. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa sifat anti bakteri yang ada pada kitosan mampu menghambat pertumbuhan bakteri. Penambahan glutaraldehid menunjukkan bahwa sifat tarik material komposit dan sifat ketahanan terhadap panasnya mengalami peningkatan karena meningkatnya crosslingking (ikat silang) material PLA/Kitosan/Bentonit nanokomposit. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan % biodegradasi setelah penambahan kitosan/bentonit nanokomposit adalah 81.15 % lebih rendah dibandingkan % biodegradasi tanpa penambahan kitosan/bentonit nanokomposit yaitu 93,10%. Penambahan glutaraldehid menunjukkan kekuatan tarik melebihi kekuatan tarik PLA komersial dari 186 Mpa hingga 190 Mpa. Ketahanan terhadap panas meningkat dari 365,04 o C hingga 446,63 o C (81,73%).

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    Repositori Institusi Universitas Sumatera Utara (RI-USU)
    Universitas Sumatera Utara | Perpustakaan | Resource Guide | Katalog Perpustakaan
    DSpace software copyright © 2002-2016  DuraSpace
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