Korelasi Antara Gangguan Pendengaran Akibat Adenoid Hipertrofi dengan Indeks Prestasi pada Siswa Kelas 4 dan 5 SD di Sekolah X di Kota Medan

Abstract

Pendahuluan: Prevalensi gangguan pendengaran anak di Eropa bagian tengah/timur tahun 2011 adalah 1,6%. Menurut data Kemenkes RI (2010), jumlah gangguan pendengaran di Indonesia ada 35,6 juta (16,8%). Prevalensi gangguan pendengaran pada siswa kelas 5 SD di Malaysia adalah 15% dan terdapat hubungan gangguan pendengaran derajat ringan dengan prestasi akademis (p<0,001). Penelitian serupa juga dilakukan pada siswa kelas 6 SD Muhammadiyah 8 Medan pada Juli 2017 dan didapatkan ada hubungan bermakna antara gangguan pendengaran dengan mata pelajaran Bahasa Indonesia (0,013), Bahasa Inggris (0,026), dan matematika (0,007). Tujuan: untuk melihat korelasi antara gangguan pendengaran akibat adenoid hipertrofi dengan indeks prestasi pada siswa kelas 4 dan 5 SD di sekolah X di Kota Medan Metode: Penelitian ini bersifat analitik dengan pendekatan studi cross sectional. Sampel adalah seluruh siswa kelas 4 dan 5 SD di sekolah X di Kota Medan yang mengalami gangguan pendengaran akibat adenoid hipertrofi periode mulai dari 1 Januari 2019 – 28 Februari 2019 yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi. Hasil: didapatkan sebanyak 53 kasus gangguan pendengaran akibat adenoid hipertrofi dengan perempuan (54,7%) lebih banyak daripada laki-laki (45,3%). Sebanyak 25 (47,2%) orang mengalami adenoid hipertrofi grade 3, 21 (39,6%) orang mengalami adenoid hipertrofi grade 2, dan sisa 7 (13,2%) orang mengalami adenoid hipertrofi grade 4. Semua adenoid hipertrofi grade 2 yaitu sebanyak 21 siswa (72,4%) mengalami penurunan pendengaran kategori ringan. Hanya 1 siswa mengalami penurunan pendengaran kategori berat akibat dari adenoid hipertrofi grade 4. Kesimpulan: Tidak ada korelasi antara gangguan pendengaran akibat adenoid hipertrofi dengan indeks prestasi dan sikap sosial.

Backgrounds: The prevalence of childhood hearing loss in central /eastern Europe in 2011 was 1.6%. According to data’s Ministry of Health from Indonesia year of 2010, the number of hearing impairment in Indonesia is 35.6 million (16.8%). The prevalence of hearing impairment in 5th grade students in Malaysia is 15% and there is a relationship between mild hearing impairment and academic achievement (p <0.001). Similar research was also conducted on 6th grade elementary students of Muhammadiyah 8 Medan in July 2017 and it was found that there was a significant relationship between hearing impairment with Bahasa Indonesia subjects (p=0.013), English subjects (p= 0.026), and mathematics subjects (p= 0.007). Objectives: to find out the correlation between hearing impairment due to adenoid hypertrophy with the academic achievement in 4th and 5th grade elementary school students at X school in Medan. Methods: This research is an analytical with cross sectional study approach. The sample was all students in grade 4 and 5 of elementary school in the city of Medan who had hearing impairment due to hypertrophic adenoid period of 1 January 2019 - 28 February 2019 that met the inclusion criteria. Results: There were 53 hearing impairment cases due to adenoid hypertrophy with women (54.7%) more than men (45.3%). As many as 25 (47.2%) students with adenoid hypertrophy grade 3, 21 (39.6%) students with adenoid hypertrophy grade 2, and the remaining 7 (13.2%) students with adenoid hypertrophy grade 4. All adenoids hypertrophy grade 2 as many as 21 students (72.4%) had mild hearing impairment. Only 1 student had a severe hearing impariment because of adenoid hypertrophy grade 4. Conclusions: There is no correlation between hearing impairment due to adenoid hypertrophy with academic performance and social behavior.