Uji Aktivitas Antikanker Ekstrak Bawang Sabrang (Eleutherine bulbosa (Mill.) Urb.) Terhadap Sel Kanker Kolon WiDr Secara in vitro
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Date
2017Author
Lubis, Ichwan Alamsyah
Advisor(s)
Mustofa
lchwan, M.
Metadata
Show full item recordAbstract
Kanker kolon termasuk urutan ketiga dari kasus kanker yang terjadi pada
populasi dunia, dengan angka kejadian kasus baru pada pria 746,300 kasus dan
wanita 614,300 kasus, sedangkan angka kematian pada pria 373,600 kasus dan
pada wanita 320,300 kasus. Pengobatan kanker kolon yaitu tindakan bedah,
kemoterapi, dan radioterapi. Permasalahan pada kemoterapi memicu
pengembangan obat baru, diantaranya berasal dari senyawa alam. Tumbuhan yang
diketahui memiliki aktivitas sitotoksik terhadap sel kanker adalah Bawang
Sabrang (Eleutherine bulbosa (Mill.) Urb.). Penelitian ini bertujuan menguji
aktivitas antikanker ekstrak aktif Bawang Sabrang (Eleutherine bulbosa (Mill.)
Urb.) terhadap sel kanker kolon WiDr.
Penelitian menggunakan desain kuasi eksperimental dengan posttest only
control group. Subjek penelitian adalah sel kanker kolon WiDr.
Metode penelitian mencakup karakterisasi dan skrining fitokimia simplisia
Bawang Sabrang (Eleutherine bulbosa (Mill.) Urb.), maserasi bertingkat simplisia
menggunakan pelarut n-heksana, etil asetat, dan etanol, skrining fitokimia ekstrak,
uji sitotoksik terhadap sel WiDr dengan metode MTT (Microculture Tetrazolium
Technique), uji indeks selektivitas terhadap sel WiDr dan Vero, uji penghambatan
siklus sel dan apoptosis dengan metode flowsitometri, serta uji ekspresi COX-2
dan cleaved caspase-3 dengan metode imunositokimia.
Hasil uji sitotoksik (IC50) ENBS, EEABS, dan EEBS terhadap sel WiDr
berturut-turut sebesar 56,145 ± 3,539 μg/mL, 70,758 ± 7,702 μg/mL, dan 364,103
± 31,169 μg/mL, ENBS tidak selektif terhadap sel WiDr (IS=2,89), sedangkan
EEABS selektif terhadap sel WiDr (IS=4,57), penghambatan siklus sel WiDr pada
fase G2-M, pemacuan apoptosis sel WiDr, penekanan ekspresi COX-2 (p<0,05),
dan peningkatan ekspresi cleaved caspase-3 (p<0,05).
ENBS dan EEABS memiliki aktivitas antikanker terhadap sel WiDr, tetapi
hanya EEABS yang selektif terhadap sel WiDr, aktivitas antikanker EEABS
melalui penghambatan siklus sel pada fase G2-M, pemacuan apoptosis, penekanan
ekspresi COX-2, dan peningkatan ekspresi cleaved caspase-3. Colon cancer is third of cancer cases that occur in the world's population,
the incidence of new cases in men are 614.300 and women are 746.300, while the
death rate in men are 373.600 and in women 320.300. Colon cancer treatment is
surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy. The problem with chemotherapy is
trigger development of a new drug and among other from natural compound. Plant
that known to have cytotoxic activity against cancer cells are Sabrang Onion
(Eleutherine bulbosa (Mill.) Urb.). This study aim is to test the anticancer activity
of Sabrang Onion (Eleutherine bulbosa (Mill.) Urb.) active extract against colon
cancer cell WiDr.
The study used quasi experimental with posttest only control group design.
Research subject is colon cancer cell WiDr.
The research method includes characterization and phytochemical
screening Sabrang Onion (Eleutherine bulbosa (Mill.) Urb.), Maceration use nhexane,
ethyl acetate, and ethanol, phytochemical screening of extracts, cytotoxic
assay against cell WiDr with MTT method (Microculture Tetrazolium
Technique), selectivity index assay against WiDr and Vero cells, cell cycle
inhibition and apoptosis assay use flowcytomethry methods, and protein
expression assay of COX-2 and cleaved caspase-3 with immunocytochemistry
method.
The cytotoxic assay results (IC50) ENBS, EEABS, and EEBS against cell
WiDr respectively are 56.145 ± 3.539 mg / mL, 70.758 ± 7.702 mg / mL, and
364.103 ± 31.169 mg / mL, ENBS are not selective against the WiDr cell (SI =
2.89), while EEABS are selective against WiDr cells (SI = 4.57), the inhibition of
WiDr cell cycle at the G2-M phase, induce apoptosis of WiDr cell, suppression of
COX-2 expression (p <0.05), and increased of cleaved caspase-3 expression (p
<0.05).
ENBS and EEABS have anticancer activity against WiDr cells, but only
EEABS are selective WiDr cells, EEABS anticancer activity through the
inhibition of the cell cycle at the G2-M phase, induce apoptosis, suppression of
COX-2 expression, and increased of cleaved caspase-3 expression.