Efektivitas Pelaksanaan Peningkatan Penghidupan Masyarakat Berbasis Komunitas (PPMK) dalam Program Nasional Pemberdayaan Masyarakat Mandiri Perkotaan di Kelurahan Karang Berombak Kecamatan Medan Barat

Abstract

Society Livelihood Improvement Based Community (PPMK) is one of the Tridaya concept development which aim to overcome the poverty through the giving of micro-loans to the people who have the productive business or the business that has the potential to develop. This lending is expected to improve the livelihood of the poor society and to foster participation and social capital in the community. Because the existing program has been less attention to the factors of social capital in the community such as collaboration, honest and transparency. Therefore this research aims to know the effectiveness and the factors that influence of the implementation of PPMK in Karang Berombak village subdistrict Medan Barat. The effectiveness of the implementation of PPMK is determined from the achievement of the aspects: quality, impact, and time.This research conducted by the descriptive qualitative approach. The location of this research is in Karang Berombak village subdistrict Medan Barat. The techniques of data are self-help groups (KSM) who receives the fund of PPMK, financial management unit (UPK), community self-supproting body (BKM), and facilitator. While the informant supporters are the local communities. The results of the research conducted on the Effectiveness of the Implementation of PPMK in Kelurahan Karang Berombak Kecamatan Medan Barat can be quite effective, although in practice there is still the deficiency. The deficiencies are in terms of the socialization quality which runs less than the maximum; and in terms of quantity, where the giving of the fund which is not in accordance with the rules of the activity implementation where the fund must be given based on the needs and abilities of KSM members to refund the loan. Some of the factors that influence the effectiveness of the implementation of PPMK are human resources, communication, public awareness, and monitoring. Human resources are the important factor in the activity implementation, where the resources here can be divided into the resources of the activity implementation that is BKM and human resources who involved in the activity that is KSM. Furthermore, communication and public awareness are also become the factor to create the public participation in a program. And every activity can’t be separated from monitoring (supervision). This is done to minimize the occurrence of deviations so that all activities can be accomplished according to the plan and the objective of the activity.

Peningkatan Penghidupan Masyarakat Berbasis Komunitas (PPMK) merupakan salah satu pengembangan konsep tridaya yang bertujuan untuk mengatasi persoalan kemiskinan melalui pemberian pinjaman mikro kepada masyarakat yang memiliki usaha produktif atau usaha yang mempunyai potensi untuk berkembang. Pemberian pinjaman ini diharapkan dapat meningkatkan penghidupan masyarakat miskin dan serta menumbuhkan partisipasi dan modal sosial di masyarakat. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efektivitas pelaksanaan kegiatan PPMK, serta faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi efektivitas pelaksanaan PPMK di Kelurahan Karang Berombak Kecamatan Medan Barat. Efektivitas pelaksanaan PPMK ditentukan dari pencapaian aspek kualitas, kuantitas, dampak, dan waktu. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan pendekatan deskriptif kualitatif. Lokasi penelitian ini yaitu di Kelurahan Karang Berombak Kecamatan Medan Barat. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah observasi, wawancara, dan studi kepustakaan. Informan kunci dalam penelitian ini adalah Kelompok Swadaya Masyarakat (KSM) yang menerima dana PPMK, Unit Pengelola Keuangan (UPK), Badan Keswadayaan Mayarakat (BKM), dan fasilitator. sedangkan informan pendukungnya adalah masyarakat sekitar. Hasil dari penelitian yang dilakukan tentang Efektivitas Pelaksanaan PPMK di Kelurahan Kelurahan Karang Berombak Kecamatan Medan Barat dapat dikatakan cukup efektif, meskipun dalam pelaksanaannya masih terdapat kekurangan. Kekurangan tersebut yaitu dari segi kualitas dimana pelaksanaan sosialisasi berjalan kurang maksimal; dan dari segi kuantitas dimana pemberian modal yang tidak sesuai dengan aturan pelaksanaan kegiatan dimana seharusnya modal yang diberikan harus berdasarakan kebutuhan dan kemampuan anggota KSM dalam mengembalikan pinjaman. Beberapa faktor yang mempengaruhi efektivitas pelaksanaan kegiatan PPMK yaitu sumber daya manusia, komunikasi, kesadaran masyarakat, dan monitoring.