Faktor Risiko Toluen Terhadap Gangguan Penghidu pada Pekerja CV. X Medan

Abstract

Latar belakang : Penghidu merupakan panca indra sebagai persepsi. Salah satu keadaan yang menyebabkan gangguan penghidu adalah kondisi lingkungan pekerjaan. Paparan zat toluen merupakan diantaranya, bila terpapar terus – menerus berakibat buruk bagi kesehatan tenaga kerja. Sampai saat ini belum ada studi yang meneliti dampak paparan toluen di tempat kerja mebel rotan terhadap gangguan penghidu pekerjanya di Sumatera Utara. Tujuan penelitian : Untuk mengetahui hubungan antara peningkatan risiko gangguan penghidu terhadap keterpaparan toluen pada pekerja mebel CV. X di Medan. Metode : Penelitian bersifat analitik dengan pendekatan cross sectional study dimana sampel diambil pada seluruh pekerja CV. X Medan. Hasil : Dari 58 subyek menggunakan SPSS, kelompok umur terbanyak adalah 30 – 40 tahun dengan tingkat pendidikan terbanyak adalah SMA. Penggunaan masker hanya 1 orang yang memiliki kebiasaan menggunakan masker, 26 subyek bekerja di Finishing dan tidak ada memperoleh pelatihan. Pekerja terpapar pada toluen ≥ 50 ppm sebanyak 26 subyek, area kerja subyek di Finishing memiliki ventilasi buruk. Paparan toluen risiko tinggi 23 subyek anosmia/hiposmia, 3 fungsi penghidu normal, paparan toluen risiko rendah 3 subyek anosmia/hiposmia, 29 dengan fungsi penghidu normal. Nilai p < 0,001. Subyek terpapar toluen dengan risiko tinggi beresiko 9,436 kali lebih besar mengalami gangguan fungsi penghidu dibandingkan yang sedikit terpapar. Kesimpulan : Terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara risiko keterpaparan toluen dengan kejadian gangguan fungsi penghidu pekerja CV. X Medan, pekerja yang terpapar toluen kadar >50 ppm beresiko 9,436 kali lebih besar terjadi gangguan penghidu.

Background: olfactorius is a special sense of perception. One of the situation that cause disturbance in smelling is work place condition. Exposure to toluene is one of the factor, by which exposure of prolonged time will cause hazard in workers health. Till date there is no study that is done to determined the effect of toluent exposure in a marble rotan factory on disturbance of smelling of workers in Sumatera Utara. Reason of Research: To identify the relationship between increase in the risk factor of disturbance in smelling on exposure of toluene towards mebel workers CV.X in Medan. Methods: Research is conducted based on an analytical study with cross sectional method where samples taken from the workers of CV.X Medan. Outcome: Among 58 subjects that use SPSS program, the highest aged category is about 30-40 years old with the highest level of education is high school. Only 1 percent has the habit of using masker, 26 subjects that works in Finishing and do not have adequet training. Worker that is exposed to toulen more than 50 ppm are 26 subjects, the working area of subject in Finishing has bad ventilation. High risk of toulent exposure which causes anosmia/hiposmia are 23 subjects, 3 normal smelling sense, low risk toulen exposure which causes anosmia/hiposmia are 3 subjects, 29 with normal smelling sense. P < 0.001. Subject exposed to toulen with high risk of 9.436 times most probably the risk of having smelling sensation disturbance compared to the one that exposed toward minimal risk. Conclusion: There is a siqnificant coloration between risk of toulen exposure with disturbance of smelling sense of CV. X workers, worker that is exposed with tolent with > 50 ppm has risked 9.436 times more than has more chances to have disturbance in smelling.