Analisa Kemampuan Perawat dalam Pencegahan dan Pengendalian Infeksi Nosokomial di RSU Mitra Medika Medan Tahun 2016

Abstract

Nosocomial infections were very influential on the patient's overall health condition and can increase morbidity as well as mortality. However, the nosocomial infections incidence was still high. There were 17.39 % cases at Mitra Medika Hospital, Medan during March-December 2015. This study problem was the lack of nurses’ ability in the prevention and control of nosocomial infections. This study purpose was to determine and analyze the nurses’ ability related to it as well as the determinant at Mitra Medika Hospital, Medan. The study was a qualitative research with an interactive approach. The informants consisted of 7 executive nurses, 7 ward heads, and 1 IPCN. The data were gathered by in-depth interviews, documentary study, and observation. The analysis outlined in descriptive form through the steps of data collection, data reduction, data presentation and conclusion. The results showed that the 8 nurses’ ability in the prevention and control of nosocomial infections has not been in accordance with WHO rules. Determinant in its application included the nurse education, work length, work locations, need for human resources and support tools, comfortability of the support facilities, training/socialization, monitoring and evaluation as well as coordination among units. Conclusion of the study was that the nurses’ ability in the prevention and control of nosocomial infections at this hospital was still not optimal and there were many obstacles in its application. Suggested for hospital management and IPC team to conduct refresher material about IPC, hold regular meetings, monitor of the application of the SOPs, conduct evaluations in all care units and add support facilities as well as human resources as needed.

Infeksi nosokomial sangat berpengaruh terhadap kondisi kesehatan pasien secara menyeluruh dan dapat meningkatkan morbiditas serta mortalitas. Akan tetapi, angka kejadian infeksi nosokomial hingga saat ini masih tinggi. Di RSU Mitra Medika Medan tercatat sebesar 17,39% selama periode Maret-Desember 2015. Masalah pada penelitian ini adalah kurangnya kemampuan perawat dalam mencegah dan mengendalikan infeksi nosokomial. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui dan menganalisis kemampuan perawat terkait hal tersebut serta determinannya di RSU Mitra Medika Medan. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian kualitatif dengan pendekatan interaktif. Sumber informan sebanyak 7 orang perawat pelaksana, 7 orang kepala ruang dan 1 orang IPCN. Pengumpulan data melalui wawancara mendalam, studi dokumentasi dan observasi. Analisis diuraikan dalam bentuk deskriptif melalui langkah pengumpulan data, reduksi data, penyajian data dan penarikan kesimpulan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa 8 kemampuan perawat dalam pencegahan dan pengendalian infeksi nosokomial belum sesuai dengan aturan menurut WHO. Determinan dalam pelaksanaannya antara lain pendidikan perawat, lama bekerja, tempat tugas, kebutuhan SDM dan alat pendukung, kenyamanan terhadap fasilitas pendukung, pelatihan/sosialisasi, monitoring dan evaluasi serta koordinasi antar unit. Kesimpulan penelitian bahwa kemampuan perawat dalam pencegahan dan pengendalian infeksi nosokomial di RSU Mitra Medika Medan masih belum optimal dan banyak hambatan dalam pelaksanaannya. Disarankan bagi manajemen rumah sakit dan Tim PPI untuk melakukan penyegaran kembali materi tentang PPI, mengadakan pertemuan rutin, monitoring terhadap penerapan SPO, melaksanakan evaluasi di semua unit perawatan dan menambah fasilitas pendukung serta SDM sesuai kebutuhan.