Analisis Efisiensi dan Marjin Tataniaga Tandan Buah Segar (TBS) pada Pelaku Pemasaran Kelapa Sawit (Elais Jacq) di Kabupaten Labuhan Batu Utara dan Kabupaten Asahan

Abstract

This research study has reported different profit margin of smallholders in Labuhan Batu and Asahan which can be due to production’s cost incurred by smallholders. In addition, the price of fresh fruit bunches (FFB) of oil palm offered by eachtrader is also found different. This could be the differences in efficiency and the length of marketing channels traversed by partner and non-partner samllholders. The length of marketing chain was transferred to the marketing costs incurred and the margins received, so there is share for each marketing. Therefore such study is needed to estimate the marketing margins and channels of non-partner smallholders, partner smallholders, and explasma smallholders, the marketing functions carried out by each palm oil marketing channel in Kuala Hulu, factors that help samllholders choose marketing channels, increase marketing and the efficientcy of non-partner samllholders, partner smallholders, and explasma smallholders. The data used in this study are primary as well as secondary data. The analytical method used in the Shepperd’s Method, Acharya and Anggarwal’s Method, Composite Index Method, Marketing efficiency index method and Soekartawi Method. The analysis shows that there are 2 marketing channels, identified as Channel 1 : Smallholders-Middleman_RAM-Palm Oil Mill and Channel 2 : Smallholders-Middleman-Palm Oil Mill. The study has concluded that all smallholders do selling, transporting, standardization, risk bearing, and securing market information. Regular customer, services, contracts are figured out as the major reasons marketing agents choose marketing channels. The most efficient marketing channel is partner independent samllholders with the shortest channel.

Penelitian ini dilakukan selama dua bulan, dari Mei hingga Juni 2019 dengan tujuan untuk menganalisis sistem pemasaran, saluran pemasaran kelapa sawit dan fungsi – fungsi pemasaran yang dilakukan oleh petani swadaya non mitra, petani swadaya mitra dan petani explasma di Kabupaten Labuhanbatu Utara dan Kabupaten Asahan . Metode yang digunakan dalam pengumpulan data adalah: pengambilan sampel Petani dan pemasaran lainnya lembaga yang dipilih dengan teknik purvosive sampling, metode pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan teknik wawancara menggunakan kuesioner dan menggunakan metode penelusuran untuk pedagang pengumpul. Metode analisis yang digunakan adalah Metode shepperd, Metode Acharya dan Anggarwal, Composite Index Method, Marketing efficiency index method dan Metode Soekartawi. Hasil analisis menunjukkan terdapat 2 saluran pemasaran diantaranya saluran ke 1 (Petani-Pedagang Pengumpul-RAM-PKS) dan saluran ke 2 (Petani-Pedagang Pengumpul-PKS). (2) Semua petani melakukan fungsi penjualan, pengangkutan dan informasi pasar, pedagang pengumpul melakukan pembelian, pengangkutan, standarisasi, penanggungan resiko dan informasi pasar.(3) Langganan, pelayanan dan kontrak menjadi alasan pelaku pemasaran memilih saluran pemasaran. (4) saluran pemasaran yang paling efisien adalah pada petani mitra dengan saluran terpendek dan share produsen terbesar.