Perbandingan Efek Minyak Atsiri Daun Kemangi dan Fluoxetine Sebagai Antidepresan pada Mencit Depresi Ditinjau dari Kadar Kortisol dan Serotonin Darah

Abstract

Background: Depression is one of a serious mental health problem. From year to year, the prevalence of depression continuous to increase. The impact of depression is really massive, starting from the declining of work productivity, the interpersonal relationship disorders, susceptible to disease, to the increasing of suicide case. In depression, the cortisol level increases and the changing of neurotransmitter especially the decreasing of serotonin level. The treatment of depression using synthetic drugs such as Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitor (SSRI), for example, The fluoxetine which is said to be safe apparently still has side effects such as stomach disorders, erection disorders, weight gain and sleep disorders. So that the using of herbal medicine could be done as an alternative choice. One of the traditional medicines that had been studied in Indonesia is Basil Leave Essential Oil which is known to function as an antidepressant at a dose of 2,5 x 10-2 mL/kgBB. The Aim: To Find out the Comparison of the effects of Basil Leave Essential Oil and Fluoxetin as an antidepressant on depressed mice in terms of Blood Cortisol and Serotonin Level. Methods : This research is a kind of experimental study using a model of experimental animal with a research design on Post Test Only Control Group Design on mice by dividing into 7 groups of mice namely the normal mice group, the depressed mice group without intervention and the depressed mice interfered by Basil Leave Essential Oil with dosage 0,5 (2,5 x 10-2) mL/kgBB, 2,5 x 10-2 mL/kgBB, 5 x 10-1 mL/kgBB, eugenol 30 mg/kgBB and fluoxetine 20 mg/kgBB then will be seen its cortisol level and also its blood serotonin. Results: The cortisol level between the depressed mice group interfered with Basil Leave Essential Oil and the depressed mice group interfered with fluoxetine were significantly compared with the value p<0,001 and the Serotonin level between the depressed mice group interfered with Basil Leave Essential Oil and the depressed mice group interfered with fluoxetine were significantly compared with the value p<0,001 Conclusion: It is proven that there were differences in cortisol and serotonin level between the depressed mice that got interfered with Basil Leave Essential Oil in dose of 2,5 x 10-2 mL/kgBB and 5 x 10-1 mL/kgBB and those that is interfered with fluoxetine, 20 mg/kgBB. The comparison shows that the depressed mice that is interfered with Basil Leave Essential Oil is better in decreasing the cortisol level and better in increasing serotonin level than those that is interfered with fluoxetine.

Latar Belakang: Depresi merupakan salah satu masalah kesehatan mental yang serius. Dari tahun ke tahun angka prevalensi depresi terus meningkat. Dampak yang ditimbulkan depresi sungguh besar, mulai dari penurunan produktivitas kerja, gangguan hubungan interpersonal, rentan terhadap penyakit, hingga peningkatan kasus bunuh diri. Pada keadaan depresi terjadi peningkatan kadar kortisol dan perubahan dalam neurotransmiter khususnya penurunan kadar serotonin. Pengobatan depresi menggunakan obat-obatan sintetis seperti obat golongan Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitor (SSRI) contohnya fluoxetine yang dikatakan aman ternyata masih memiliki efek samping, seperti gangguan lambung, gangguan ereksi, pertambahan berat badan, dan gangguan tidur. Sehingga penggunaan obat herbal dapat dijadikan sebagai alternatif pilihan. Salah satu obat tradisional yang pernah diteliti di Indonesia adalah minyak atsiri daun kemangi yang diketahui berfungsi sebagai antidepresan pada dosis 2,5x10-2mL/kgBB. Tujuan Penelitian: Untuk mengetahui perbandingan efek pemberian minyak atsiri daun kemangi.dan Fluoxetine pada mencit depresi dilihat dari kadar kortisol dan kadar serotonin darah. Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan jenis penelitian eksperimental menggunakan model hewan coba, dengan desain penelitian PostTest Only Control Group Design pada mencit, dengan membagi 7 kelompok mencit, yaitu kelompok mencit normal, kelompok mencit depresi tanpa intervensi dan kelompok mencit depresi yang mendapat intervensi minyak atsiri daun kemangi dengan dosis 0,5 (2,5 x 10-2) mL/kgBB, 2,5 x 10-2 mL/kgBB, 5 x 10-1 mL/kgBB, Eugenol 30 mg/kgBB dan fluoxetine 20 mg/kgBB, kemudian dilihat kadar kortisol dan kadar serotonin darah. Hasil: Kadar kortisol antara kelompok mencit depresi yang diintervensi minyak atsiri daun kemangi dan kelompok mencit depresi yang diintervensi fluoxetine didapati perbedaan signifikan dengan nilai p<0,001 dan Kadar serotonin antara kelompok mencit depresi yang diintervensi minyak atsiri daun kemangi dan kelompok mencit depresi yang di intervensi fluoxetine didapati perbedaan signifikan dengan nilai p<0,001. Kesimpulan: Terbukti adanya perbedaan kadar kortisol dan serotonin antara kelompok mencit depresi yang mendapat intervensi minyak atsiri daun kemangi dengan dosis 2,5 x 10-2 mL/kgBB dan 5 x 10-1 mL/kgBB serta yang diintervensi fluoxetine 20 mg/kgBB. Perbandingannya menunjukkan bahwa kelompok mencit depresi yang diintervensi minyak atsiri daun kemangi lebih baik dalam menurunkan kadar kortisol dan lebih baik dalam meningkatkan kadar serotonin dibanding kelompok mencit depresi yang diintervensi fluoxetine.