Prevalensi Infeksi Edwardsiella Tarda pada Ikan Lele Dumbo (Clarias Gariepinus) di Tambak, Kabupaten Tapanuli Tengah

Abstract

Edwardsiella tarda is one of zoonotic bacteria being able to colonize and infect across biological organisms. The species is regarded as important pathogenic bacteria in the field of aquaculture which is needed to be monitored and prevented for disease incidence. This study aimed to obtain the infection prevalence (%) of farm-raised dumbo catfish (Clarias gariepnius) in four districts, namely Pandan, Pinangsori, Sibabangun, and Tukka while descriptively analyzing the pathogen presence based on pond type (mud, tarp) and infected organs (kidney, liver, lymph, muscle). Pathogenic strains of E. tarda were isolated from total 400 samples, in which 100 samples were randomly collected from each district following the Standar Nasional Indonesia (SNI). Recent investigation in Central Tapanuli as aquaculture site for catfish (Clarias gariepnius) revealed that there was a high incidence (25-30%) of detected E. tarda based on culture-based method following the methodology of Indonesian National Standard. Infection prevalence of E. tarda on farm-raised catfish was quite high in the percentage of 25-30%. The mud pond had a higher prevalence than tarp pond type. Infected catfish showed a clinical sign or morphology of lesions on body surface indicating the infection of E. tarda. Based on target organ infection, the highest detection (%) was obtained from kidney followed with muscle, lymph, and liver with the percentage of 47.62, 44.76, 5.71, and 1.90%, respectively. The presence of E. tarda in the aquaculture environment in Central Tapanuli Regency was allegedly originated from water sources that were utilized and also supported by a pattern of less intensive water cleaning in both types of ponds.

Edwardsiella tarda merupakan salah satu bakteri patogen zoonotik yang mampu mengkolonisasi dan menginfeksi ragam jenis inang. Spesies ini tergolong sebagai patogen penting di bidang perikanan atau akuakultur yang perlu dimonitor dan dicegah insidensi penyakitnya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan prevalensi (%) jumlah ikan lele dumbo (Clarias gariepinus) yang terinfeksi di empat kecamatan yaitu Pandan, Pinangsori, Sibabangun, dan Tukka serta menganalisis secara deskriptif keberadaannya berdasarkan tipe kolam (tanah, terpal) dan organ target (hati, ginjal, limpa, otot). Isolat E. tarda diperoleh dengan mengambil total 400 individu C. gariepinus, masing-masing sebanyak 100 individu secara acak dari empat kecamatan dan dikulturkan mengikuti Standar Nasional Indonesia (SNI). Persentase prevalensi infeksi E. tarda pada ikan lele tambak di Kabupaten Tapanuli Tengah tergolong tinggi sebesar 25-30%. Kolam tipe tanah memiliki persentase prevalensi yang lebih tinggi bila dibandingkan dengan kolam tipe terpal. Individu ikan lele yang terinfeksi memiliki tanda klinis dominan berupa lesi di permukaan tubuh atau otot. Berdasarkan organ target infeksi, prevalensi tertinggi diperoleh dari ginjal, diikuti dengan otot, limpa, dan hati dengan persentase sebesar 47.62, 44.76, 5.71, and 1.90%, secara berurutan. Keberadaan E. tarda pada lingkungan tambak di Kabupaten Tapanuli Tengah disinyalir berasal dari sumber air yang dimanfaatkan serta didukung pula dengan pola pembersihan air yang kurang intensif pada kedua tipe kolam tersebut.