Aktivitas Antibakteri Ekstrak Etanol Daun Muda, Daun Tua dan Daun Campuran Gaharu (Aquilaria malaccensis Lamk) Budidaya Terhadap Bakteri Streptococcus mutans

Abstract

One type of plant which can be used as traditional medicine is agarwood (Aquilaria malaccencis Lamk). Agarwood leaves extract using methanol, ethanol, aquades and chloroform as solvents have antibacterial activity. This study aims to determine the simplicia characterization, phytochemical screening and antibacterial activity of ethanol extract of young leaves, old leaves and mixed leaves against Streptococcus mutans bacteria. Exploration of chemical compoundson agarwood leaves were testedby phytochemical screening methods. The ethanol extract leaves agarwood was made by maceration method. The test for the antibacterial activity of the ethanol extract of young leaves, old leaves and mixed leaves was carried out using the disc diffusion method (Kirby-Bauer Test). The results of the characteristics of agarwood leaves simplicia meet the standardization and phytochemical screening tests indicate that the simplicia of agarwood leaves contains secondary metabolites such as flavonoids, tannins, triterpenoids and glycosides. The antibacterial activity test of the ethanol extract of young leaves, old leaves and mixed leaves was resistant to intermediate against Streptococcus mutans bacteria. The largest diameter of the inhibition zone was obtained from the ethanol extract of young leaves with a concentration of 10% averaging 15.20 mm. The smallest diameter of the inhibition zone was obtained from the ethanol extract of old leaves with a concentration of 1.25%, averaging 9.13 mm.

Salah satu jenis tanaman yang dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai obat tradisional adalah gaharu (Aqularia malaccencis Lamk). Ekstrak daun gaharu dengan pelarut metanol, etanol, aquades dan kloroform memiliki aktivitas antibakteri. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui karakterisasi simplisia, skrining fitokimia serta aktivitas antibakteri ekstrak etanol daun muda, daun tua dan daun campuran terhadap bakteri Streptococcus mutans. Penelusuran senyawa kimia pada daun gaharu diuji dengan metode skrining fitokimia. Pembuatan ekstrak etanol dilakukan dengan metode maserasi. Uji aktivitas antibakteri ekstrak etanol daun muda, daun tua dan daun campuran gaharu dilakukan dengan metode difusi cakram (Test Kirby-Bauer). Hasil karakteristik simplisia memenuhi standarisasi serta uji skrining fitokimia menunjukkan bahwa simplisia daun gaharu mengandung senyawa metabolit sekunder berupa flavonoid, tanin, triterpenoid dan glikosida. Uji aktivitas antibakteri ekstrak etanol daun muda, daun tua dan daun campuran memiliki sifat tahan (resistant) hingga menengah (intermediate) terhadap bakteri Streptococcus mutans. Diameter zona hambat terbesar diperoleh dari ekstrak etanol daun muda konsentrasi 10% rerata 15,20 mm. Diameter zona hambat terkecil diperoleh dari ekstrak etanol daun tua konsentrasi 1,25% rerata 9,13 mm.