Efektivitas Desensitisasi Sistematis untuk Menurunkan Tingkat Fobia Spesifik

Abstract

Penelitian ini bertujuan menguji efektivitas desensitisasi sistematis untuk menurunkan tingkat fobia spesifik. Desain penelitian yang digunakan adalah quasiexperiment prestest-postest control group design, dengan metode pengambilan data sampel matched-group design. Subjek penelitian dua belas orang yang telah memenuhi kriteria fobia spesifik menurut DSM 5. Modul desensitisasi sistematis meliputi pelatihan relaksasi, mengembangkan hirarki ketakutan, dan melatih ketrampilan relaksasai sambil membayangkan hirarki ketakutan secara bertahap. Pengukuran tingkat fobia spesifik menggunakan Severity Measure for Specific Phobia-Adult (SMSP-A), dan dianalisis dengan uji statistik nonparametrik Mann- Whitney. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan perbedaan yang signifikan antara skor tingkat fobia spesifik pada kelompok eksperimen dan kontrol setelah diberikan desensitisasi sistematis (U = 5, Z = -2.082, p < .05, r = .60) artinya desensitisasi sistematis efektif untuk menurunkan tingkat fobia spesifik dengan effect size yang tergolong tinggi.

This study aims to examine the effectiveness of systematic desensitization to reduce level of specific phobia. The research design used was a quasi experimental pretest-postest control group design, with matched-group design for sample method. The subjects were twelve people with specific phobia who met the criteria of DSM- 5. The systematic desensitization module include relaxation training, developing a hierarchy of fears, and practice the relaxation skills while imagining hierarchy of fears gradually. The specific phobia level measurements used a severity measure for specific phobia-adult (SMSP-A), which was analyzed by the Mann-whitney nonparametric statistical test. The results showed a significant difference between score of specific phobia levels in the experimental and control groups after being given systematic desensitization (U = 5, Z = -2.082, p < .05, r = .60), which meant systematic desensitization was effective in reducing level of specific phobia with effect size is hight.