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    Desain Tumpangsari Kentang dalam Upaya Menekan Infestasi Hama Myzus persicae Sulzer Pada Sistem Pertanian Organik

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    Date
    2016
    Author
    Sidauruk, Lamria
    Advisor(s)
    Bakti, Darma
    Kuswardani, Retna Astuti
    Hanum, Chairani
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    Abstract
    North Sumatra is the third largest potato production centers in Indonesia, but the productivity relatively low. One obstacle to increasing the potato production is the high pest infestation. For pest control, farmers use insecticides with high intensity, its causing the emergence of environmental problems such as: killing natural enemies, the emergence of secondary pests, loss of biodiversity, pollution of soil and residue in agricultural products. This study aims to determine the kind of plants intercropping to be applied with potato plant at different farming system, so its can be increase the diversity of insects at agroecosystem in order to suppress pest infestations of Myzus persicae Sulzer in the right season. The results showed that intercropping potato-mustard, potato-cabbage and potato-celery were grown simultaneously obtained the lowest populations of Myzus persicae, the lowest percentage of plant damage and the highest of insect diversity index. Based on these results, to be reviewed potato intercropping pattern design in conventional farming systems, semi-organic farming system and organic farming system in two different growing seasons. Based on the research result in the growing season from May to August and growing season from September to December showed that organic farming systems with the design of intercropping potato-cabbage-mustard, potato-cabbage and potato-mustard able to suppress pest infestations of M. persicae by 41-64 percent, caused decrease percentage of crop damage about 27.83-40.09 and increase the production of potato about 26.31-35.70 percent when compared with other farming system with monoculture cropping system. Organic farming systems with the design of intercropping potato-cabbage-sawi-celery increases insect diversity index to 3.29 from 0.74 in conventional farming systems with monoculture cropping system. The higher population of natural enemies such as predator Coccinellidae and parasitoid Aphidius sp. found at organic farming system with design intercropping potato-cabbage-mustard and potato-cabbagemustard- celery. Populations of M. persicae and Coccinellidae predators tend to be higher during the growing season from May to August compared to the planting season from September to December, while the population of parasitoid Aphidius sp. higher during the growing season from September to December. Insect diversity index was not significantly different between the two growing seasons. Another pest population such as: Phthorimaea operculella, Liriomyza huidobrensis and Agrotis ipsilon greatly influenced by the time of observation.
     
    Sumatera Utara merupakan sentra produksi kentang terbesar ketiga di Indonesia, namun produktifitasnya masih relatif rendah. Salah satu kendala dalam peningkatan produksi adalah tingginya serangan hama. Untuk pengendalian hama, petani menggunakan insektisida dengan intensitas yang tinggi sehingga menyebabkan munculnya masalah lingkungan seperti: terbunuhnya musuh alami, munculnya hama sekunder, berkurangnya biodivesitas, pencemaran tanah dan residu pada produk pertanian. Penelitian ini bertujuan untum menentukan jenis tanaman tumpang sari yang tepat untuk diterapkan dalam suatu desain polatanam tumpangsari kentang sehingga dapat meningkatkan keanekaragaman serangga dalam upaya menekan infestasi hama Myzus persicae Sulzer pada musim yang tepat. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pada tumpangsari kentang-sawi, kentang-kubis dan kentang-seledri yang ditanam secara bersamaan diperoleh populasi hama M. persicae paling rendah, persentase kerusakan tanaman paling rendah dan indeks keanekaragaman serangga yang lebih tinggi pada ekosistem pertanaman kentang. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian ini, dikaji kembali desain polatanam tumpangsari kentang pada sistem pertanian konvensional, semi organik dan organik pada dua musim tanam yang berbeda. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian pada musim tanam Mei-Agustus dan musim tanam September-Desember diperoleh bahwa sistem pertanian organik dengan desain polatanam tumpangsari kentang-kubis-sawi, kentang-kubis dan kentangsawi mampu menekan infestasi hama M. persicae sebesar 41- 64 persen yang menyebabkan penurunan persentase kerusakan tanaman 27.83-40.09 persen dan meningkatkan produksi 26.31 – 35.70 persen bila dibandingkan dengan polatanam monokultur. Sistem pertanian organik dengan desain polatanam tumpangsari kentang-kubis-sawi- seledri meningkatkan indeks keanekaragaman serangga menjadi 3.29 dari 0.74 pada sistem pertanian konvensional dengan polatanam monokultur. Pada sistem pertanian organik dengan desain polatanam tumpangsari kentang-kubis-sawi dan kentang-kubis-sawi-seledri diperoleh populasi predator Coccinellidae dan parasitoid Aphidius sp. yang lebih tinggi. Sementara itu populasi hama M. persicae dan predator Coccinellidae cenderung lebih tinggi pada musim tanam Mei-Agustus dibandingkan musim tanam September-Desember, sedangkan populasi parasitoid Aphidius sp. lebih tinggi pada musim tanam September-Desember. Keanekaragaman serangga tidak berbeda nyata antara kedua musim tanam. Populasi hama lain yaitu Phthorimaea operculella, Liriomyza huidobrensis dan Agrotis ipsilon sangat dipengaruhi oleh waktu pengamatan.

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    http://repositori.usu.ac.id/handle/123456789/2869
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    Repositori Institusi Universitas Sumatera Utara (RI-USU)
    Universitas Sumatera Utara | Perpustakaan | Resource Guide | Katalog Perpustakaan
    DSpace software copyright © 2002-2016  DuraSpace
    Contact Us | Send Feedback
    Theme by 
    Atmire NV