Hubungan Adenoid Hipertrofi dengan Kejadian Gangguan Fungsi Pendengaran pada Siswa Kelas 4 dan 5 SD (Sekolah Dasar) di Sekolah X di Kota Medan

Abstract

Introduction: Based on WHO (2012), there were as many as 360 million people (5.2%) around the world had hearing disorder, with 32 million (9%) are children. According to Ministry of Health (2010), the number of hearing disorder in Indonesia was 35.6 million (16.8%). Based on Sarwar et al (2015) in 2005-2006, 58.33% of children with adenoid hypertrophy found hearing disorder. Hearing disorder is also closely related to student academic achievement (Daud et al, 2009). Objective: To find the relationship between adenoid hypertrophy and the incidence of hearing disorder in 4th and 5 th grade students in X schools in Medan. Method: This research was analytic with cross sectional study approach. The sample is a portion of children who underwent audiometry at school X in Medan City period from 1 January 2019 to 28 February 2019 who met the inclusion criteria. Results: There were 53 cases of hearing disorder due to hypertrophic adenoids. This study only took 35 students with hearing disorder and 35 healthy students. Women (58.6%) were more than men (45.3%) in students with / without hypertrophic adenoids. The highest frequency is 3rd grade adenoid hypertrophy while the lowest is grade II. Students with adenoid hypertrophy most often experience moderate degrees of hearing disorder and most rarely experience severe hearing disorder. There is a relationship between adenoid hypertrophy and the incidence of hearing disorder. Conclusion: There is a relationship between adenoid hypertrophy and the incidence of hearing disorders in 4th and 5 th grade students in X schools in Medan.

Pendahuluan: Berdasarkan data WHO (2012), ada sebanyak 360 juta orang (5,2%) di seluruh dunia mengalami gangguan pendengaran, dengan 32 juta (9%) merupakan anak-anak. Menurut data Kemenkes RI (2010), jumlah gangguan pendengaran di Indonesia ada 35,6 juta (16,8%). Berdasarkan penelitian Sarwar et al (2015) pada tahun 2005- 2006, didapatkan sebanyak 58.33% anak-anak dengan adenoid hipertrofi mengalami gangguan pendengaran. Gangguan pendengaran juga erat kaitannya dengan prestasi akademis siswa (Daud et al, 2009). Tujuan: Untuk melihat hubungan adenoid hipertrofi dengan kejadian gangguan pendengaran pada siswa kelas 4 dan 5 SD di sekolah X di Kota Medan. Metode: Penelitian ini bersifat analitik dengan pendekatan studi cross sectional. Sampel adalah sebagian dari anak-anak yang menjalani audiometri di sekolah X di Kota Medan periode mulai dari 1 Januari 2019 – 28 Februari 2019 yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi. Hasil: Didapatkan sebanyak 53 kasus gangguan pendengaran akibat adenoid hipertrofi. Penelitian ini hanya mengambil 35 siswa gangguan pendengaran dan 35 sisiwa sehat. Berdasarkan jenis kelamin, perempuan (58,6%) lebih banyak daripada laki-laki (45,3%) pada siswa dengan / tanpa adenoid hipertrofi. Distribusi frekuensi tertinggi adalah adenoid hipertrofi grade III sedangkan yang terendah adalah grade II. Siswa dengan adenoid hipertrofi paling sering mengalami derajat gangguan pendengaran sedang dan paling jarang mengalami gangguan pendengaran derajat berat. Ada hubungan adenoid hipertrofi dengan kejadian gangguan pendengaran. Kesimpulan: Ada hubungan adenoid hipertrofi dengan kejadian gangguan pendengaran pada siswa kelas 4 dan 5 SD di sekolah X di Kota Medan.