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    Faktor Utama Yang Memengaruhi Ekologi Gastropoda Di Sungai Babura Sumatera Utara Indonesia

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    Date
    2019
    Author
    Sinambela, Masdiana
    Advisor(s)
    Manurug, Binari
    Wahyuningsih, Hesti
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    Abstract
    Gastropoda adalah hewan yang berjalan dengan perutnya, hidup di berbagai habitat dan kinerja kehidupannya dipengaruhi oleh faktor lingkungan, yang berperan dalam siklus nutrien. Gastropoda banyak yang menjadi hospes, tetapi ada yang digunakan sebagai hiasan maupun cenderamata. Gasropoda di sungai dapat memberi respons terhadap perubakan kondisi sungai, sehingga diketahui komunitas gastropoda yang spesifik di sungai Babura. Pengambilan data penelitian dilaksanakan pada bulan Maret tahun 2017 sampai Januari tahun 2018 dengan frekuensi pengambilan sebanyak 8 kali yang merupakan ulangan, untuk memperoleh data yang lebih akurat. Pengambilan sampel berdasarkan rona lingkungan, sehingga ditentukan 6 stasiun dan untuk setiap stasiun ada 10 sub stasiun pengambilan sampel. Faktor yang diukur yaitu suhu, kedalaman, kecepatan arus, kekeruhan, pH, DO, BOD, TDS, nitrat, pospat, dan substrat, kemudian dianalisis menggunakan program SAS 913 dan kemudian dilanjutkan dengan uji DMRT. Komunitas gastropoda yang ditemukan selama penelitian di sungai Babura terdiri dari, (1) Pomacea canaliculata, (2) Filopaludina javanica, (3) Lymnaea rubiginosa, (4) Tarebia granifera, (5) Melanoides tuberculata, (6) Thiara Scraba, dan (7) Clea (Anentome)helena. Frekuensi kehadiran spesies gastropoda berada pada kisaran 0%-66,7%, termasuk frekuensi kehadiran sangat jarang sampai sedang. Hasil uji statistik menunjukkan bahwa relatif tidak ada perbedaan yang signifikan kepadatan masing-masing spesies gastropoda yang berhasil dicuplik antar periode pengambilan, sedangkan antar stasiun penelitian ada perbedaan yang signifikan selama periode pengambilan sampel. Data faktor fisika-kimia yang memengaruhi kehidupan gastropoda di sungai Babura adalah: suhu 250C- 280C, kedalaman 21,0cm-87,5cm, kuat arus 0,13m/dtk-1,11m/dtk, kekeruhan 0,99mg/l-39,6mg/L, total zat terlarut (TDS) 76mg/l-177mg/L, substrat dasar, pH 5,5-7,1, DO 1,51mg/L-7,32mg/L, BOD 3,40mg/L-11,60mg/L, nitrat 0,1mg/L-7,17mg/L, dan pospat 0,09mg/L-5,12mg/L. Faktor fisika-kimia air yang signifikan memengaruhi ekologi spesies Pomacea canaliculata adalah kelarutan oksigen (DO), Thiara scraba, Lymnaea rubiginosa dan Clea (Anentome)helena adalah kecepatan arus, Filopaludina javanica adalah suhu, Tarebia granifera adalah BOD dan untuk spesies Melanoides tuberculata adalah derajat keasaman (pH). Lymnaea rubiginosa dan Clea (Anentome) helena merupakan marker di sungai Babura.
     
    Gastropods live in various habitats and are influenced by environmental factors, which play a role in the nutrient cycle. Gastropods in rivers can respond to changes in river conditions so that a specific gastropod community in the Babura river is known. Retrieval of research data was carried out from March 2017 to January 2018 with eight times the frquency of retrieval, which is a repeat, to obtain more accurate data. Sampling was based on the environmental baseline, so it was determined six stations, and for each stastion, there were ten sampling stations. The factors measured were temperature, depth, current speed, turbidity, pH, DO, BOD, TDS, nitrate, phosphate, and substrate, then analyzed using SAS 913 and then followed by DMRT test. The gastropods community found during the research in the Babura river consisted of, (1) Pomacea canaliculata, (2) Filopaludina jacanica, (3) Lymneae rubiginosa, (4) Tarebia granifera, (5) Melanoides tuberculata, (6) Thiara sraba, (7), and Clea (Anentome)helena. The frecuency of presence of gastropod species is in the range of 0%-66.7%, including the presence frecuency, is very rare to moderate. The result of statistic test showed there was no significantly differences of gastropod density among the sampling time, where as among of sampling stations there were significantly differences. The physcial-chemical data of Babura river water were temperature 250C-280C, depth of 21.0cm-87.5cm, current speed 0,13m/sec-1.11 m/sec, turbidity 0,99mg/L-39.6 mg/L, TDS76 mg/L -177 mg/L, pH 5.5-7.1, DO 1.51 mg/L -7.32 mg/L, BOD 3.40 mg/L -11.60 mg/L, nitrate 0.1 mg/L -7.17 mg/L, phosphate 0.09 mg/l -5.13 mg/l. Physical and chemical factor of water that significantly influence on ecology of species Pomacea canaliculata was dissolved oxygen (DO), Thiara scraba, Lymnaea rubiginosa and Clea (Anentome)helena were current speed, Filopaludina javanica was temperature, Tarebia granifera was Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD) and for species Melanoides tuberculata was acidity degree (pH). Lymnaea rubiginosa and Clea (Anentome) helena are markers on the Babura river.

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